Connectivity at wireless network borders under superimposed fading-shadowing effects

Connectivity of wireless sensor network is an important metric that determines the effectiveness of the network. Connectivity at borders is a critical issue in scenarios such as at a boundary between the countries. At the border of a network, connectivity reduces due to the reduction in the total coverage area of the nodes lying on the boundary. This paper presents a model to analyze the connectivity at borders and inner areas, considering the combined effects of fading and shadowing that exist due to the presence of irregularities and obstacles in the environment. Extensive simulation work has been done to validate the analytical results.

[1]  P. R. Kumar,et al.  Critical power for asymptotic connectivity , 1998, Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.98CH36171).

[2]  B. Bollobás.  The evolution of random graphs , 1984 .

[3]  P. Erdos,et al.  On the evolution of random graphs , 1984 .

[4]  Piyush Gupta,et al.  Critical Power for Asymptotic Connectivity in Wireless Networks , 1999 .

[5]  Christian Bettstetter,et al.  On the Connectivity of Ad Hoc Networks , 2004, Comput. J..

[6]  Aloor Gopakumar,et al.  Power-aware range-free wireless sensor network localization using neighbor distance distribution , 2013, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[7]  Daniele Miorandi.  The Impact of Channel Randomness on Coverage and Connectivity of Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[8]  Christian Bettstetter,et al.  Mobility modeling in wireless networks: categorization, smooth movement, and border effects , 2001, MOCO.

[9]  Eitan Altman,et al.  Coverage and connectivity of ad hoc networks presence of channel randomness , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[10]  Michele Zorzi,et al.  Optimum transmission ranges in multihop packet radio networks in the presence of fading , 1995, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[11]  Thomas G. Robertazzi,et al.  Critical connectivity phenomena in multihop radio models , 1989, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[12]  D. Manjunath,et al.  On the connectivity in finite ad hoc networks , 2002, IEEE Communications Letters.

[13]  Genaína Nunes Rodrigues,et al.  Border Effect Analysis for Reliability Assurance and Continuous Connectivity of Wireless Sensor Networks in the Presence of Sensor Failures , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[14]  Lili Zhang,et al.  An Analysis of K-Connectivity in Shadowing and Nakagami Fading Wireless Multi-Hop Networks , 2008, VTC Spring 2008 - IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.

[15]  Paolo Santi,et al.  The Critical Transmitting Range for Connectivity in Sparse Wireless Ad Hoc Networks , 2003, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput..

[16]  Christian Bettstetter,et al.  How to achieve a connected ad hoc network with homogeneous range assignment: an analytical study with consideration of border effects , 2002, 4th International Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communications Network.

[17]  Christian Bettstetter,et al.  Connectivity of Wireless Multihop Networks in a Shadow Fading Environment , 2005, Wirel. Networks.

[18]  Christian Bettstetter,et al.  On the minimum node degree and connectivity of a wireless multihop network , 2002, MobiHoc '02.

[19]  Peng-Jun Wan,et al.  Connectivity of multihop wireless networks with log-normal shadowing , 2015, Wirel. Networks.