Measurement of Locomotive Head End Power Engine Fuel and Emissions

In the U.S., there were more than 5,000 commuter rail diesel locomotives in use in 2011. Many of these have head end power (HEP) engines that provide power for hotel services in the passenger cars. The North Carolina Department of Transportation owns six diesel passenger locomotives that have recently replaced HEP engines. The general goal of this work is to quantify the in-use emission rates of these engines on ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel and evaluate the effect of soy-based B20 biodiesel fuel on each engine. The specific research objectives are to: (1) evaluate the effect of engine load on emission rates of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM); (2) compare B20 versus ULSD with respect to emission rates of CO, HC, NOx, and PM; (3) compare to emission standards taking into account differences in measurement methods; (4) evaluate the inter-engine variability in emission rates; and (5) estimate an emission inventory of CO, HC, NOx, and PM for the HEP engines. As expected, fuel use and emission rates are sensitive to engine load. Cycle average PM emission rates were 20% lower for B20 than for ULSD, with no significant measured change in emission rates of other pollutants.

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