Improvement of biosensor performances for nitrate determination using a new hydrophilic poly(pyrrole-viologen) film

Abstract Electrochemical biosensors for nitrate determination are developed based on the immobilization of nitrate reductase (NR) within two different redox matrixes, one being a pure organic polymer and the other a clay-polypyrrole composite. NR is co-adsorbed with a poorly soluble pyrrole-viologen on an electrode surface and immobilized by physical entrapment during the subsequent electropolymerization of the adsorbed monomers (bioelectrode 1). A new bioelectrode design for the immobilization and electrical wiring of NR is based on the NR entrapment in a laponite clay gel acting as an inorganic template for the electropolymerization of a new water-soluble pyrrole-viologen (bioelectrode 2). The resulting biosensors performances for nitrate determination are investigated by cyclic voltammetry. In contrast with bioelectrode 1, bioelectrode 2 exhibits a marked catalytic response in presence of nitrates. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant is 0.21 mM. The sensitivity and detection limit of the bioelectrode 2 for nitrate are 94.7 mA M −1  cm −2 and 0.5 μM, respectively.

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