Adaptation of a zero-dimensional cylinder pressure model for diesel engines using the crankshaft rotational speed

Abstract Tighter emission regulations are driving the development of advanced engine control strategies relying on feedback information from the combustion chamber. In this context, it is especially seeked for alternatives to expensive in-cylinder pressure sensors. The present study addresses these issues by pursuing a simulation-based approach. It focuses on the extension of an empirical, zero-dimensional cylinder pressure model using the engine speed signal in order to detect cylinder-wise variations in combustion. As a special feature, only information available from the standard sensor configuration are utilized. Within the study, different methods for the model-based reconstruction of the combustion pressure including nonlinear Kalman filtering are compared. As a result, the accuracy of the cylinder pressure model can be enhanced. At the same time, the inevitable limitations of the proposed methods are outlined.

[1]  Philippe Moulin,et al.  Observer Design for Torque Balancing on a DI Engine , 2004 .

[2]  P. Rouchon,et al.  Real-time combustion torque estimation on a diesel engine test bench using time-varying Kalman filtering , 2004, 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601).

[3]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  An Experimental Evaluation of Torque Sensor Based Feedback Control of Combustion Phasing in an SI-engine , 2005 .

[4]  Abdelhak M. Zoubir,et al.  Estimation of Cylinder-Wise Combustion Features from Engine Speed and Cylinder Pressure , 2008 .

[5]  John J. Moskwa,et al.  Nonlinear Cylinder and Intake Manifold Pressure Observers for Engine Control and Diagnostics , 1994 .

[6]  Johann F. Böhme,et al.  In-Cylinder Pressure Estimation from Structure-Borne Sound , 2000 .

[7]  Giorgio Rizzoni,et al.  Estimate of indicated torque from crankshaft speed fluctuations: a model for the dynamics of the IC engine , 1989 .

[8]  Gehan A. J. Amaratunga,et al.  A Fourier analysis based synthetic method for in-cylinder pressure estimation , 2006 .

[9]  Pierre Rouchon,et al.  Time-Varying Linear Observer for Torque Balancing on a DI Engine , 2004 .

[10]  Chen-Fang Chang,et al.  Cylinder-Pressure-Based Engine Control Using Pressure-Ratio-Management and Low-Cost Non-Intrusive Cylinder Pressure Sensors , 2000 .

[11]  Johann F. Böhme,et al.  Fast in-cylinder pressure reconstruction from structure-borne sound using the EM algorithm , 2003, 2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings. (ICASSP '03)..

[12]  O. Nelles.  Nonlinear System Identification , 2001 .

[13]  M. Schultalbers,et al.  State observer based analysis of crankshaft speed measurements with application to misfire detection , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Control and Automation.

[14]  Andrés Melgar,et al.  Misfire and compression fault detection through the energy model , 2007 .

[15]  Torsten Bertram,et al.  Data Based Cylinder Pressure Modeling for Direct-injection Diesel Engines , 2009 .

[16]  Ulrich Spicher,et al.  Ion current measurement in diesel engines , 2004 .

[17]  Johann F. Böhme,et al.  In-cylinder pressure reconstruction for multicylinder SI-engine by combined processing of engine speed and one cylinder pressure , 2005, Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005..

[18]  S. Haykin.  Kalman Filtering and Neural Networks , 2001 .

[19]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Internal combustion engine fundamentals , 1988 .

[20]  R. E. Kalman,et al.  A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems , 2002 .

[21]  Rudolph van der Merwe,et al.  The unscented Kalman filter for nonlinear estimation , 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE 2000 Adaptive Systems for Signal Processing, Communications, and Control Symposium (Cat. No.00EX373).

[22]  Günter Hohenberg,et al.  Der Verbrennungsablauf - ein Weg zur Beurteilung des motorischen Prozesses , 1982 .

[23]  Johann F. Böhme,et al.  IMEP-Estimation and In-Cylinder Pressure Reconstruction for Multicylinder SI-Engine by Combined Processing of Engine Speed and One Cylinder Pressure , 2005 .

[24]  Andrew Ball,et al.  Monitoring of diesel engine combustions based on the acoustic source characterisation of the exhaust system , 2008 .

[25]  Robert B. Randall,et al.  RECONSTRUCTION OF DIESEL ENGINE CYLINDER PRESSURE USING A TIME DOMAIN SMOOTHING TECHNIQUE , 1999 .

[26]  Olivier Grondin,et al.  Direct Injection Diesel Engine Cylinder Pressure Modelling via NARMA Identification Technique , 2005 .

[27]  Sebastian Kranzusch,et al.  Volkswagen’s new 2.0 l TDI engine for the most stringent emission standards — Part 1 , 2008 .

[28]  Roger Johnsson,et al.  Cylinder pressure reconstruction based on complex radial basis function networks from vibration and speed signals , 2006 .

[29]  H.F. Durrant-Whyte,et al.  A new approach for filtering nonlinear systems , 1995, Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference - ACC'95.

[30]  John J. Moskwa,et al.  Application of nonlinear sliding-mode observers for cylinder pressure reconstruction , 1996 .

[31]  Ibrahim Haskara,et al.  Real-time cylinder pressure and indicated torque estimation via second order sliding modes , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 American Control Conference. (Cat. No.01CH37148).

[32]  Christoph Kallenberger.  Estimation of Cylinder-Wise Combustion Features with Combined Processing of Engine Speed and Cylinder Pressure Regarding Torsional Deflections of the Crankshaft , 2008 .

[33]  P. Welch.  The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms , 1967 .

[34]  John Alexander Steel,et al.  Indirect measurement of cylinder pressure from diesel engines using acoustic emission , 2005 .

[35]  Andrew Ball,et al.  A RBF neural network model for cylinder pressure reconstruction in internal combustion engines , 1996 .

[36]  Yann Guezennec,et al.  A Novel Approach to Real-Time Estimation of the Individual Cylinder Combustion Pressure for S.I. Engine Control , 1999 .