A study to investigate the anticancer potential of carvacrol via targeting Notch signaling in breast cancer

Breast cancer (BC) continues to be a primary worldwide health concern despite the tremendous efforts made to deploy novel chemotherapeutic techniques for the treatment of BC. It is, therefore, essential to elucidate better plant-based compounds targeting deregulated signaling components in various cancer cell types. Our objective was to elucidate a potent targeted therapeutic approach by exploiting the anticancerous potential of carvacrol in MDA-MB-231 cells via employing silicon and in vitro approaches. In silico analysis was executed to identify the anticancer potential of carvacrol against BC via targeting crucial signaling component of the NOTCH pathway, namely Jagged-1 and its downstream target cyclin D1. In vitro, assays were also employed to display the antiproliferative potential of carvacrol at the mRNA level in MDA-MB-231 cells via targeting Jagged-1 and cyclin D1 genes. Docking studies using CB DOCK displayed better binding energy of carvacrol (Jagged-1: −5.0 and cyclin D1: −5.8) in comparison to the standard drug, 5-fluorouracil (Jagged-1: −4.5; cyclin D1: −4.6) against these crucial targets. Carvacrol potentially downregulated the expression of these crucial genes along with caspase-mediated apoptosis induction. However, more in vitro assays must be employed to validate its candidature for drug development against BC. This study provided a novel insight into the targeted therapeutic approach using natural products and deregulated signaling components for managing breast carcinoma.