The orthodontic treatment often relies on the experience of doctors in traditional methods, and there are often fewer doctors with good experience, which is not conducive to improving the efficiency of patient consultation. Therefore, it has become the mainstream research direction in recent years to assist doctors in improving the efficiency of diagnosis by simulating the dental orthodontic process through computers. The orthodontic process is a multiobjective and high-dimensional path planning problem. To optimize the movement path of multiobjective orthodontics and compensate for the movement efficiency of invisible appliances, a preovercorrection orthodontic motion path scheme based on an improved multi-PSO algorithm was proposed to reduce the dimension disaster and the movement cost and improve the success rate of orthodontic surgery. Firstly, the solution set of the multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is introduced into the multi-PSO path planning algorithm to obtain the orthodontic movement path. Secondly, by analyzing the movement efficiency of the invisible appliance, tooth displacement compensation is designed and evaluated, and the final orthodontic scheme was generated for patients through the overcorrection method. Finally, the scheme is visualized by VTK visualization. The experimental results show that compared with the multi-PSO algorithm, the improved algorithm can reduce the length of the motion path by 10%, and the rotation angle is reduced by 4%. Meanwhile, the preovercorrection scheme designed can provide movement allowance for the orthodontic process, which guarantees that the optimal orthodontic path obtained by the scheme conforms to the clinical experiment results, ensuring that the tooth can move according to the expected path in the clinical experiment and assuring the success rate of orthodontic treatment.