Alveolus-Inspired Active Membrane Sensors for Self-Powered Wearable Chemical Sensing and Breath Analysis.

Fossil fuel internal combustion engines generate and release a huge amount of nitrogen dioxide, leading to respiratory and allergic diseases such as asthma, pneumonia and possibly tuberculosis. Here we develop an alveolus-inspired membrane sensor (AIMS) for self-powered wearable nitrogen dioxide detection and personal physiological assessment. The bionic AIMS exhibits an excellent sensitivity up to 452.44%, a good linearity of 0.976, and superior selectivity under the NO2 concentration of 100 ppm. Furthermore, AIMS can also be employed to diagnose human breath behaviors for breath analysis. The fundamental sensing mechanism is established using a combination of thermodynamic analysis, finite-element analysis, and phase-field simulations. It is found that the depolarization field inside the sensitive materials plays a crucial role in the self-powered gas sensing performance. This work not only provides an efficient, low cost, portable and environment-friendly means for active environmental assessment and personal biomonitoring, but also renders the community a deep understanding of the gas sensing mechanisms.

[1]  Nannan Zhang,et al.  Progress in triboelectric nanogenerators as self-powered smart sensors , 2017 .

[2]  Jun Chen,et al.  Triboelectric sensor for self-powered tracking of object motion inside tubing. , 2014, ACS nano.

[3]  Yadong Jiang,et al.  Improving sensitivity of self-powered room temperature NO2 sensor by triboelectric-photoelectric coupling effect , 2019, Applied Physics Letters.

[4]  Xue Wang,et al.  A Wireless Textile-Based Sensor System for Self-Powered Personalized Health Care , 2020 .

[5]  H. A. Therese,et al.  Ni-catalysed WO3 nanostructures grown by electron beam rapid thermal annealing for NO2 gas sensing , 2015, Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

[6]  W. Guan,et al.  Impact of air pollution on the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in China: time for urgent action , 2016, The Lancet.

[7]  Zhaona Wang,et al.  Eardrum‐Inspired Active Sensors for Self‐Powered Cardiovascular System Characterization and Throat‐Attached Anti‐Interference Voice Recognition , 2015, Advanced materials.

[8]  Yadong Jiang,et al.  An integrated flexible self-powered wearable respiration sensor , 2019, Nano Energy.

[9]  Long Jin,et al.  A linear-to-rotary hybrid nanogenerator for high-performance wearable biomechanical energy harvesting , 2020 .

[10]  Nannan Zhang,et al.  Micro-cable structured textile for simultaneously harvesting solar and mechanical energy , 2016, Nature Energy.

[11]  Hengyu Guo,et al.  Blow-driven triboelectric nanogenerator as an active alcohol breath analyzer , 2015 .

[12]  Monika Tomar,et al.  Enhanced response characteristics of SnO2 thin film based NO2 gas sensor integrated with nanoscaled metal oxide clusters , 2013 .

[13]  Yi Nie,et al.  Photo-Rechargeable Fabrics as Sustainable and Robust Power Sources for Wearable Bioelectronics , 2020 .

[14]  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults--United States, 2011. , 2012, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[15]  Jun Chen,et al.  Smart Textiles for Electricity Generation. , 2020, Chemical reviews.

[16]  Qingqing Shen,et al.  Self‐Powered Vehicle Emission Testing System Based on Coupling of Triboelectric and Chemoresistive Effects , 2018 .

[17]  Andrea Tittarelli,et al.  Exposure to PM10, NO2, and O3 and impacts on human health , 2016, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[18]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Triboelectrification based motion sensor for human-machine interfacing. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[19]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Progress in triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology and self-powered sensors , 2015 .

[20]  Jun Chen,et al.  Harmonic‐Resonator‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Sustainable Power Source and a Self‐Powered Active Vibration Sensor , 2013, Advanced materials.

[21]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Radial-arrayed rotary electrification for high performance triboelectric generator , 2014, Nature Communications.

[22]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting water wave energy and as a self-powered distress signal emitter , 2014 .

[23]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Networks of triboelectric nanogenerators for harvesting water wave energy: a potential approach toward blue energy. , 2015, ACS nano.

[24]  A. A. Bockman,et al.  Nitrogen dioxide toxicity. Report of four cases in firemen. , 1970, JAMA.

[25]  Yadong Jiang,et al.  Ultrasensitive flexible self-powered ammonia sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator at room temperature , 2018, Nano Energy.

[26]  Wei Chen,et al.  Three-dimensional mesoporous graphene aerogel-supported SnO2 nanocrystals for high-performance NO2 gas sensing at low temperature. , 2015, Analytical chemistry.

[27]  Giorgio Sberveglieri,et al.  Reactively sputtered indium tin oxide polycrystalline thin films as NO and NO2 gas sensors , 1990 .

[28]  Jun Chen,et al.  Single-layered ultra-soft washable smart textiles for all-around ballistocardiograph, respiration, and posture monitoring during sleep. , 2020, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[29]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Reviving Vibration Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator , 2017 .

[30]  S. Alm,et al.  Personally measured weekly exposure to NO2 and respiratory health among preschool children. , 1999, The European respiratory journal.

[31]  Julian W. Gardner,et al.  Ultrasensitive WO3 gas sensors for NO2 detection in air and low oxygen environment , 2017 .

[32]  Shanhui Fan,et al.  Nanoporous polyethylene microfibres for large-scale radiative cooling fabric , 2018, Nature Sustainability.

[33]  Junjie Bai,et al.  A Self‐Powered Angle Measurement Sensor Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator , 2015 .

[34]  Benjamin Bowe,et al.  Associations of ambient coarse particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide with the risk of kidney disease: a cohort study. , 2017, The Lancet. Planetary health.

[35]  Toshio Itoh,et al.  NO and NO2 Sensing Properties of WO3 and Co3O4 Based Gas Sensors , 2013, Sensors.

[36]  Yuanjie Su,et al.  Visible light-assisted room temperature gas sensing with ZnO-Ag heterostructure nanoparticles , 2018 .

[37]  M. Henry,et al.  Chronic toxicity of nitrogen dioxide. I. Effect on resistance to bacterial pneumonia. , 1968, Archives of environmental health.

[38]  Eduard Llobet,et al.  Development of high sensitivity ethanol gas sensors based on Pt-doped SnO2 surfaces , 2004 .

[39]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enabled Body Sensor Network for Self-Powered Human Heart-Rate Monitoring. , 2017, ACS nano.

[40]  Feng Zhou,et al.  Self-powered ammonia nanosensor based on the integration of the gas sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator , 2018, Nano Energy.

[41]  Abhishek Motayed,et al.  UV-assisted room-temperature chemiresistive NO2 sensor based on TiO2 thin film. , 2015, Journal of alloys and compounds.

[42]  Yadong Jiang,et al.  Self-powered room temperature NO2 detection driven by triboelectric nanogenerator under UV illumination , 2018 .

[43]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Harvesting water wave energy by asymmetric screening of electrostatic charges on a nanostructured hydrophobic thin-film surface. , 2014, ACS nano.

[44]  Jordi Arbiol,et al.  High response and stability in CO and humidity measures using a single SnO2 nanowire , 2007 .

[45]  T. Saleh,et al.  Functionalization of tungsten oxide into MWCNT and its application for sunlight-induced degradation of rhodamine B. , 2011, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[46]  Long Lin,et al.  Theoretical Investigation and Structural Optimization of Single‐Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerators , 2014 .