Bloch's law predictions from diffusion process models of detection

Abstract This paper describes a new model for Bloch's law based on the multichannel leaky stochastic integrators of P.L. Smith (1995). These models combine a linear filter model of stimulus encoding with a dynamic stochastic, information-accrual model of the decision stage. Accrued information is described by a time-inhomogeneous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion process, with the probability of a detection given by the first-passage time distribution of the process through an absorbing barrier. When combined with monophasic and biphasic temporal impulse response functions, the model correctly predicts Bloch's law and the differential breakdown of Bloch's law for large and small disk stimuli and grating stimuli of high and low spatial frequencies.

[1]  H. D. L. Dzn.  Relationship between Critical Flicker-Frequency and a Set of Low-Frequency Characteristics of the Eye , 1954 .

[2]  H. D. L. Dzn.  Research into the dynamic nature of the human fovea-cortex systems with intermittent and modulated light. I. Attenuation characteristics with white and colored light. , 1958 .

[3]  H. Barlow.  Temporal and spatial summation in human vision at different background intensities , 1958, The Journal of physiology.

[4]  Mitsuo Ikeda,et al.  Temporal Summation of Positive and Negative Flashes in the Visual System , 1965 .

[5]  J. Robson.  Spatial and Temporal Contrast-Sensitivity Functions of the Visual System , 1966 .

[6]  M M Sondhi,et al.  Model for visual luminance discrimination and flicker detection. , 1968, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[7]  Phillip L. Emerson,et al.  Simple reaction time with markovian evolution of gaussian discriminal processes , 1970 .

[8]  D. H. Kelly.  Theory of flicker and transient responses. II. Counterphase gratings. , 1971, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[9]  D. Tolhurst,et al.  Psychophysical evidence for sustained and transient detectors in human vision , 1973, The Journal of physiology.

[10]  J. Roufs.  Dynamic properties of vision. IV. Thresholds of decremental flashes, incremental flashes and doublets in relation to flicker fusion. , 1974, Vision research.

[11]  Quick Rf.  A vector-magnitude model of contrast detection. , 1974 .

[12]  D. Tolhurst,et al.  Reaction times in the detection of gratings by human observers: A probabilistic mechanism , 1975, Vision Research.

[13]  S. Link,et al.  A sequential theory of psychological discrimination , 1975 .

[14]  R. Duncan Luce,et al.  Parallel psychometric functions from a set of independent detectors , 1975 .

[15]  D. Tolhurst.  Sustained and transient channels in human vision , 1975, Vision Research.

[16]  A. Watson,et al.  Patterns of temporal interaction in the detection of gratings , 1977, Vision Research.

[17]  D H Kelly,et al.  Theory of flicker and transient responses. III. An essential nonlinearity. , 1978, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[18]  G. Legge.  Sustained and transient mechanisms in human vision: Temporal and spatial properties , 1978, Vision Research.

[19]  Roger Ratcliff,et al.  A Theory of Memory Retrieval. , 1978 .

[20]  James L. McClelland.  On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade. , 1979 .

[21]  A. Watson.  Probability summation over time , 1979, Vision Research.

[22]  R. Ratcliff.  A theory of order relations in perceptual matching. , 1981 .

[23]  M. A. Bouman,et al.  Detection of light and flicker at low luminance levels in the human peripheral visual system. I. Psychophysical experiments. , 1984, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[24]  J. Pokorny,et al.  Threshold temporal integration of chromatic stimuli , 1984, Vision Research.

[25]  J. Sakai.  Erratum: Degree of polarization including the random-mode-conversion effect in anisotropic single-mode optical fibers [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 1007-1018 (1984)] , 1985 .

[26]  D G Pelli,et al.  Uncertainty explains many aspects of visual contrast detection and discrimination. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[27]  A. Gorea,et al.  New look at Bloch's law for contrast. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[28]  Richard A. Craig.  Method for analysis of the characteristic matrix in optical systems , 1987 .

[29]  A. G. Nobile,et al.  A new integral equation for the evaluation of first-passage-time probability densities , 1987, Advances in Applied Probability.

[30]  V C Smith,et al.  Temporal modulation sensitivity and pulse-detection thresholds for chromatic and luminance perturbations. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[31]  Richard W. Bowen,et al.  Two pulses seen as three flashes: A superposition analysis , 1989, Vision Research.

[32]  James P. Thomas,et al.  7 – THE PERCEPTION OF BRIGHTNESS AND DARKNESS: RELATIONS TO NEURONAL RECEPTIVE FIELDS , 1990 .

[33]  Richard A. Heath,et al.  A general nonstationary diffusion model for two-choice decision-making , 1992 .

[34]  S. Klein,et al.  The Psychophysics of Detection. Review of Visual Pattern Analyzers, by N. V. S. Graham. , 1993 .

[35]  J. Townsend,et al.  Decision field theory: a dynamic-cognitive approach to decision making in an uncertain environment. , 1993, Psychological review.

[36]  Keiji Uchikawa,et al.  Temporal responses to chromatic and achromatic change inferred from temporal double-pulse integration , 1993 .

[37]  Joel Pokorny,et al.  Responses of macaque ganglion cells and human observers to compound periodic waveforms , 1993, Vision Research.

[38]  G. Loftus,et al.  Sensory and cognitive components of visual information acquisition. , 1994, Psychological review.

[39]  G R Loftus,et al.  A theory of visual information acquisition and visual memory with special application to intensity-duration trade-offs. , 1994, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[40]  Richard E. Kronauer,et al.  Temporal properties of the red-green chromatic mechanism , 1994, Vision Research.

[41]  Philip L. Smith.  Psychophysically principled models of visual simple reaction time. , 1995 .

[42]  A. Diederich.  Intersensory facilitation of reaction time: evaluation of counter and diffusion coactivation models , 1995 .

[43]  D. Burr,et al.  Temporal Impulse Response Functions for Luminance and Colour During Saccades , 1996, Vision Research.

[44]  R. Hess,et al.  Temporal detection in human vision: dependence on stimulus energy. , 1997, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.