A cloud-based cognitive computing solution with interoperable applications to counteract illegal dumping in smart cities

The study presented in this paper is the outcome of the activity carried on within the program “Party Cloud Challenge per Genova”, promoted by IBM in collaboration with the city municipality of Genoa, Italy. This challenge aimed to show how using cognitive computing solutions in an integrated cloud-based development environment enables the rapid deployment of advanced services with interoperable applications. Specifically, we investigated a solution to cope with the problem of illegal dumping prevention in a smart city. In this respect, we will describe the study of the prototype of an automated visual recognition and alerting system. The presented solution relies on the use of cognitive computing technologies to analyze videos provided by cameras installed in urban areas, to identify trash, especially bulky waste, where it should not be, and trigger an alarm to the municipality. In particular, we want to take advantage of the pictures, frames and videos continuously recorded by cameras installed for traffic monitoring, for surveillance, etc. in smart cities where the waste management system is supposed to be integrated with other municipality services for environment control and management. Besides, an organization plan is also proposed for intelligent waste collection as well as some organizational ideas for scalability.

[1]  Mauro Coccoli,et al.  An experience of collaboration using a PaaS for the smarter university model , 2015, J. Vis. Lang. Comput..

[2]  Cyrus Shahabi,et al.  Image Classification to Determine the Level of Street Cleanliness: A Case Study , 2018, 2018 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Multimedia Big Data (BigMM).

[3]  Theresa A. Pardo,et al.  Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions , 2011, dg.o '11.

[4]  Salah Bourennane,et al.  Comparison of fourier descriptors and Hu moments for hand posture recognition , 2007, 2007 15th European Signal Processing Conference.

[5]  Mark A. Girolami,et al.  An empirical analysis of the probabilistic K-nearest neighbour classifier , 2007, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[6]  Chu-Sing Yang,et al.  A Lightweight Neural Network Based on AlexNet-SSD Model for Garbage Detection , 2019, HPCCT/BDAI.

[7]  Zhengxing Wu,et al.  IWSCR: An Intelligent Water Surface Cleaner Robot for Collecting Floating Garbage , 2021, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems.

[8]  Sotiris Zygiaris.  Smart City Reference Model: Assisting Planners to Conceptualize the Building of Smart City Innovation Ecosystems , 2012, Journal of the Knowledge Economy.

[9]  Ramani Duraiswami,et al.  Canny edge detection on NVIDIA CUDA , 2008, 2008 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops.

[10]  R Renjith,et al.  Design And Implementation of Automatic Garbage Collecting Robot using Background Subtraction based Computer Vision Algorithm , 2019, 2019 9th International Symposium on Embedded Computing and System Design (ISED).

[11]  Iqbal Ansari,et al.  The nature and detection of unauthorized waste dump sites using remote sensing , 2019, Ecological Questions.

[12]  Sergio Guadarrama,et al.  Speed/Accuracy Trade-Offs for Modern Convolutional Object Detectors , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[13]  Deepak Gupta,et al.  Detection of Garbage Disposal from a Mobile Vehicle Using Image Processing , 2020 .

[14]  C. V. Angelino,et al.  A case study on the detection of illegal dumps with GIS and remote sensing images , 2018, Remote Sensing.

[15]  Ali Farhadi,et al.  You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[16]  Yongjin Kwon,et al.  Vision‐based garbage dumping action detection for real‐world surveillance platform , 2019, ETRI Journal.

[17]  Yu Deng,et al.  Evolution of the IBM Cloud: Enabling an enterprise cloud services ecosystem , 2011, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[18]  Mauro Coccoli,et al.  COGNITIVE COMPUTING IN EDUCATION , 2016 .

[19]  Giuseppe Polese,et al.  EDCAR: A knowledge representation framework to enhance automatic video surveillance , 2019, Expert Syst. Appl..

[20]  Paolo Maresca,et al.  The role of big data and cognitive computing in the learning process , 2017, J. Vis. Lang. Comput..

[21]  Renata Pontin de Mattos Fortes,et al.  Issues on developing interoperable cloud applications: definitions, concepts, approaches, requirements, characteristics and evaluation models , 2016, Journal of Software Engineering Research and Development.

[22]  Lokesh Reddy Kambam,et al.  Classification of plastic bottles based on visual and physical features for waste management , 2019, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT).

[23]  Shiguo Lian,et al.  Deep Learning Based Robot for Automatically Picking Up Garbage on the Grass , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[24]  Stathes Hadjiefthymiades,et al.  Challenges and Opportunities of Waste Management in IoT-Enabled Smart Cities: A Survey , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing.

[25]  Chee Yang Chin,et al.  Effective scene change detection in complex environments , 2019, Int. J. Comput. Vis. Robotics.

[26]  Parag Kedia.  BIG DATA ANALYTICS FOR EFFICIENT WASTE MANAGEMENT , 2016 .

[27]  M. Sarosh Umar,et al.  Garbage localization based on weakly supervised learning in Deep Convolutional Neural Network , 2018, 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN).

[28]  Alvaro Salmador,et al.  Intelligent Garbage Classifier , 2008, Int. J. Interact. Multim. Artif. Intell..

[29]  Ramamoorthy Srinath,et al.  Identification of Illegal Garbage Dumping with Video Analytics , 2018, 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI).

[30]  Chee Yang Chin,et al.  Effective scene change detection in complex environments , 2019 .

[31]  M. Mazzanti,et al.  Illegal waste disposal: Enforcement actions and decentralized environmental policy , 2018, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences.

[32]  Gaurav Mittal,et al.  SpotGarbage: smartphone app to detect garbage using deep learning , 2016, UbiComp.

[33]  Luis Enrique González Jiménez,et al.  Intelligent Waste Separator , 2015, Computación y Sistemas.

[34]  Jerry Zeyu Gao,et al.  An edge-based smart mobile service system for illegal dumping detection and monitoring in San Jose , 2017, 2017 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computed, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI).

[35]  Jerry Zeyu Gao,et al.  Smart Illegal Dumping Detection , 2017, 2017 IEEE Third International Conference on Big Data Computing Service and Applications (BigDataService).

[36]  Michela Gallo,et al.  Waste management in Smart Cities: the application of circular economy in Genoa (Italy) , 2014 .

[37]  Wei Liu,et al.  SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detector , 2015, ECCV.

[38]  Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar,et al.  A survey on Image Data Augmentation for Deep Learning , 2019, Journal of Big Data.

[39]  Nina Yevtushenko,et al.  Distinguishing extended finite state machine configurations using predicate abstraction , 2016, Journal of Software Engineering Research and Development.

[40]  Murat Haciomeroglu,et al.  Classification of TrashNet Dataset Based on Deep Learning Models , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data).

[41]  Li Luo,et al.  Custom visual recognition model with Watson studio , 2019, CASCON.

[42]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context , 2014, ECCV.