Cytocompatibility of Mats Prepared from Different Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers

Mats of cytocompatible polymer fibers are needed as scaffolds in tissue engineering or as wound healing supports. Most recently, they have emerged as matrix-material to allow for in situ chemo- and biosensing inside intact tissue fragments or surrogates. Electrospinning of such fibers from polymer solutions provides extended options to control the structural and functional properties of the resulting fiber mats. We have prepared electrospun polymeric fiber mats from poly­(lactic acid) (PLA), polystyrene (PS), and poly­(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) with two different fiber densities. Mats and individual fibers were characterized with respect to their dimensions, morphology, and their compatibility with human keratinocytes (HaCaT) selected as a biological model. Microscopic inspection revealed that HaCaT cells were viable on mats from all three polymers with only a negligible fraction of dead cells, similar to planar control surfaces. Growth in the presence of the fiber mats did not alter cellular metabolism (ATP, redox state) and did not induce significant production of cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6); monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)). However, we did observe that fiber density changed the overall topography of the resulting mats and led to differences in the establishment of continuous cell sheets. In conclusion, the findings support the suitability of electrospun polymeric fiber mats made from PLA, PS, or PVP as potential biocompatible matrices for future two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) sensing of vital parameters from tissue in health and disease.

[1]  C. Huang,et al.  Recent insights into functionalized electrospun nanofibrous films for chemo-/bio-sensors , 2020 .

[2]  C. Echeverría,et al.  Antibacterial PLA Fibers Containing Thiazolium Groups as Wound Dressing Materials. , 2019, ACS applied bio materials.

[3]  Adnan Memić,et al.  Latest Progress in Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Healing Applications. , 2019, ACS applied bio materials.

[4]  P. Coutinho,et al.  Electrospun polymeric nanofibres as wound dressings: A review. , 2018, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[5]  J. Meng,et al.  Integration of a Superparamagnetic Scaffold and Magnetic Field To Enhance the Wound-Healing Phenotype of Fibroblasts. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[6]  A. Schroeder,et al.  Biocompatibility, biodegradation and excretion of polylactic acid (PLA) in medical implants and theranostic systems. , 2018, Chemical engineering journal.

[7]  O. E. Fayemi,et al.  Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Properties of Polyacrylonitrile-Moringa Extract Nanofibers , 2018, ACS omega.

[8]  Angela R. Jockheck-Clark,et al.  Development of Electrospun Chitosan-Polyethylene Oxide/Fibrinogen Biocomposite for Potential Wound Healing Applications , 2018, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[9]  Jingwei Xie,et al.  Recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for wound healing. , 2017, Nanomedicine.

[10]  Gareth R. Williams,et al.  Thermosensitive nanofibers loaded with ciprofloxacin as antibacterial wound dressing materials. , 2017, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[11]  Larissa M. Shepherd,et al.  Increasing Stability of Biotin Functionalized Electrospun Fibers for Biosensor Applications. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[12]  T. Tencomnao,et al.  Assessment of Anti-TNF-α Activities in Keratinocytes Expressing Inducible TNF- α: A Novel Tool for Anti-TNF-α Drug Screening , 2016, PloS one.

[13]  A. A. Stepanenko,et al.  Pitfalls of the MTT assay: Direct and off-target effects of inhibitors can result in over/underestimation of cell viability. , 2015, Gene.

[14]  A. Palmer,et al.  Microscale Sensing of Oxygen via Encapsulated Porphyrin Nanofibers: Effect of Indicator and Polymer "Core" Permeability. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[15]  P. Salvo,et al.  The role of biomedical sensors in wound healing , 2015 .

[16]  P. Kocbek,et al.  Nanofiber diameter as a critical parameter affecting skin cell response. , 2015, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[17]  Yanmei Wang,et al.  Quality testing of human albumin by capillary electrophoresis using thermally cross-linked poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-coated fused-silica capillary. , 2014, Journal of separation science.

[18]  Nicolas H Voelcker,et al.  Applications of modern sensors and wireless technology in effective wound management. , 2014, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[19]  M. Landthaler,et al.  Luminescent Dual Sensors Reveal Extracellular pH-Gradients and Hypoxia on Chronic Wounds That Disrupt Epidermal Repair , 2014, Theranostics.

[20]  J. Lannutti,et al.  Rapid response oxygen-sensing nanofibers. , 2013, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[21]  A. Lupu,et al.  The noncellular reduction of MTT tetrazolium salt by TiO₂ nanoparticles and its implications for cytotoxicity assays. , 2013, Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.

[22]  S. Baumgartner,et al.  The topography of electrospun nanofibers and its impact on the growth and mobility of keratinocytes. , 2013, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[23]  B. Ding,et al.  Biomimetic electrospun nanofibrous structures for tissue engineering. , 2013, Materials today.

[24]  Tim R. Dargaville,et al.  Sensors and imaging for wound healing: a review. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[25]  Michael Landthaler,et al.  Simultaneous photographing of oxygen and pH in vivo using sensor films. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[26]  Marcello Imbriani,et al.  Effect of electrospun fiber diameter and alignment on macrophage activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. , 2011, Biomacromolecules.

[27]  Michael Landthaler,et al.  2D luminescence imaging of pH in vivo , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[28]  M. Landthaler,et al.  Wound healing in the 21st century. , 2010, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[29]  Jae-We Cho,et al.  Down-regulation of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β by glucosamine in HaCaT cells, but not in the presence of TNF-α , 2010, Oncology letters.

[30]  S. Amini,et al.  Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): an overview. , 2009, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

[31]  S. Boyce,et al.  Fiber density of electrospun gelatin scaffolds regulates morphogenesis of dermal-epidermal skin substitutes. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[32]  Antje J. Baeumner,et al.  Electrospun polylactic acid nanofiber membranes as substrates for biosensor assemblies , 2006 .

[33]  Sheila MacNeil,et al.  Self-organization of skin cells in three-dimensional electrospun polystyrene scaffolds. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[34]  M. Textor,et al.  Effect of titanium surface topography on macrophage activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. , 2004, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[35]  S. Werner,et al.  Regulation of wound healing by growth factors and cytokines. , 2003, Physiological reviews.