Sustained interleukin-10 transgene expression following intraarticular AAV5-IL-10 administration to horses.

Joint trauma leads to posttraumatic inflammation with upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and degradative enzymes. If severe enough, this response can lead to irreversible posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory effects, has been shown to have chondroprotective effects. A gene therapy approach using a vector to overexpress IL-10 in the joint represents a feasible method of delivering sustained, high doses of IL-10 to posttraumatic joints. We hypothesized that an AAV5 vector overexpressing IL-10 would result in rapid and sustained IL-10 expression following direct intraarticular injection and that this increase would not be reflected in systemic circulation. Additionally, we hypothesized that intraarticular AAV5-IL-10 injection would not induce a local inflammatory response. Twelve horses were assigned to either treatment (AAV5-IL-10-injected) or control (PBS-injected) groups. Middle carpal joints were injected with 1012 vector genomes (vg)/joint or PBS alone (3mL). Serial synovial fluid samples were analyzed for inflammatory changes, IL-10 concentration and vector genome copy number. Serum samples were also analyzed for IL-10 concentration and vector genome copy number. Synovial membrane was collected on day 84. Synovial fluid IL-10 was significantly increased within 48 hours of AAV5-IL-10 injection and remained increased, compared to PBS-injected joints, until day 84. Serum IL-10 was not different between groups. Vector administration did not cause a significant synovial inflammatory response. Vector genomes were detectable in the plasma, synovial fluid and synovial membrane of AAV5-IL-10-injected horses only. IL-10 has the potential to modulate the articular inflammatory response, thereby protecting cartilage from degradation and OA. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of intraarticular AAV5-IL-10 and future studies investigating the chondroprotective effects of IL-10 in inflamed joints in vivo are warranted.

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