Liquefaction in the Kanto region during the 2011 off the pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake

Abstract The present text is a summary of liquefaction events that occurred in the Kanto Region during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, excluding those events in the Tokyo Bay area that are discussed elsewhere. Most liquefaction occurred in the abandoned river channels and former lakes that had been recently filled with liquefiable soils. Noteworthy was the damage to private housing lands and river dikes that had not been well treated against liquefaction risk. Many sites experienced repeated liquefaction after former earthquakes in 1923 or 1987, if they existed in those times. In contrast to the recent liquefaction-prone soils, more-aged sands scarcely liquefied because of what is called the “ageing” effect. The present study analyzed cases in Tokyo area to quantitatively assess the temporal development of ageing so that liquefaction risk in more aged soils might be reasonably assessed. In the appendix, remarks are made of the reliability of air-photo survey in quick detection of liquefaction sites.

[1]  Fumio Tatsuoka,et al.  Liquefaction Strength of Sands Subjected to Sustained Pressure , 1988 .

[2]  Ikuo Towhata,et al.  Reconnaissance report on damage in and around river levees caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake , 2012 .

[3]  H B Seed,et al.  Resistance to Liquefaction Due to Sustained Pressure , 1977 .

[4]  T. Kawai,et al.  CASE STUDY OF ROCK DEBRIS AVALANCHE GRAVEL LIQUEFIED DURING 1993 HOKKAIDO-NANSEI-OKI EARTHQUAKE , 1995 .

[5]  Fumio Tatsuoka,et al.  BRIEF REVIEW OF LIQUEFACTION DURING EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN , 1975 .

[6]  S. Toki,et al.  EFFECTS OF PRESHEARING ON LIQUEFACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SATURATED SAND SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC LOADING , 1984 .

[7]  F. Yamazaki,et al.  CYCLIC SIMPLE SHEAR TESTS ON SATURATED SAND IN MULTI-DIRECTIONAL LOADING , 1980 .

[8]  E. Harp,et al.  The Borah Peak, Idaho Earthquake of October 28, 1983—Liquefaction , 1985 .

[9]  Torsten Wichtmann,et al.  Correlation of cyclic preloading with the liquefaction resistance , 2005 .

[10]  T L Youd,et al.  MAPPING LIQUEFACTIONINDUCED GROUND FAILURE POTENTIAL , 1978 .

[11]  M. Matsuoka,et al.  Liquefaction Potential Estimation Based on the 7.5-arc-second Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map , 2011 .

[12]  James K. Mitchell,et al.  Time‐Dependent Strength Gain in Freshly Deposited or Densified Sand , 1984 .

[13]  M. Yegian,et al.  Liquefaction and Embankment Failure Case Histories, 1988 Armenia Earthquake , 1994 .

[14]  Susumu Yasuda,et al.  Characteristics of liquefaction in Tokyo Bay area by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake , 2012 .