Electrode Kinetics of Vanadium Flow Batteries: Contrasting Responses of VII-VIII and VIV-VV to Electrochemical Pretreatment of Carbon

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to investigate the electrode kinetics of V II -V III and V IV -V V in H 2 SO 4 on glassy carbon, carbon paper, carbon xerogel, and carbon fibers. It was shown that, for all carbon materials investigated, the kinetics of V II -V III is enhanced by anodic, and inhibited by cathodic, treatment of the electrode; in contrast, the kinetics of V IV -V V is inhibited by anodic, and enhanced by cathodic, treatment. The potential region for each of these effects varied only slightly with carbon material. Rate constants were always greater for V IV -V V than for V II -V III except when anodized electrodeswerecompared,whichmayexplaindiscrepanciesintheliterature.Theobservedeffectsareattributedtooxygen-containingfunctional-groupsontheelectrodesurface.TheconsiderabledifferencesbetweenthepotentialsatwhichenhancementofV II -V III and inhibition of V IV -V V occur indicates that they do not correspond to a common oxidized state of the electrode. Likewise inhibition of V II -V III and enhancement of V IV -V V do not correspond to a common reduced state of the electrode. It is possible that enhancement of both V II -V III and V IV -V V is due to the same (active) state of the electrode.

[1]  D. N. Buckley,et al.  Spectroscopic Measurement of State of Charge in Vanadium Flow Batteries with an Analytical Model of VIV-VV Absorbance , 2016 .

[2]  D. N. Buckley,et al.  Electrode Kinetics in All-Vanadium Flow Batteries: Effects of Electrochemical Treatment , 2015 .

[3]  D. N. Buckley,et al.  Effect of Polarization Treatment on VII/VIII and VIV/VV Kinetics at Carbon Electrodes , 2015 .

[4]  Xin Gao,et al.  Surface charge enhanced carbon electrodes for stable and efficient capacitive deionization using inverted adsorption–desorption behavior , 2015 .

[5]  D. N. Buckley,et al.  Factors Affecting Spectroscopic State-of-Charge Measurements of Positive and Negative Electrolytes in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries , 2015 .

[6]  D. N. Buckley,et al.  Effect of Cathodic and Anodic Treatments of Carbon on the Electrode Kinetics of VIV/VV Oxidation-Reduction , 2015 .

[7]  D. N. Buckley,et al.  Effect of Pretreatment on the Rate of the VO2+/VO2+ and V2+/V3+ Reactions at a Carbon Electrode , 2014 .

[8]  Nigel P. Brandon,et al.  Application of carbon materials in redox flow batteries , 2014 .

[9]  Xin Gao,et al.  Enhancement of charge efficiency for a capacitive deionization cell using carbon xerogel with modified potential of zero charge , 2014 .

[10]  D. N. Buckley,et al.  Towards Optical Monitoring of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs): An Investigation of the Underlying Spectroscopy , 2014 .

[11]  U. Stimming,et al.  Electron transfer kinetics of the VO2+/VO2+ – Reaction on multi-walled carbon nanotubes , 2013 .

[12]  Wei Wang,et al.  Elucidating the higher stability of vanadium(V) cations in mixed acid based redox flow battery electrolytes , 2013 .

[13]  D. N. Buckley,et al.  Effect of Electrode Pretreatment on the Cyclic Voltammetry of VO2+/ VO2+ at a Glassy Carbon Electrode , 2013 .

[14]  C. Flox,et al.  Thermo–chemical treatments based on NH3/O2 for improved graphite-based fiber electrodes in vanadium redox flow batteries , 2013 .

[15]  M. Skyllas-Kazacos,et al.  Review of material research and development for vanadium redox flow battery applications , 2013 .

[16]  A. Whitehead,et al.  Investigation of a method to hinder charge imbalance in the vanadium redox flow battery , 2013 .

[17]  D. N. Buckley,et al.  Spectroscopic Study of Vanadium Electrolytes in Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) , 2013 .

[18]  N. Briguglio,et al.  Investigation of several graphite-based electrodes for vanadium redox flow cell , 2013 .

[19]  Jianguo Liu,et al.  Reduced graphene oxide with tunable C/O ratio and its activity towards vanadium redox pairs for an all vanadium redox flow battery , 2013 .

[20]  C. Dennison,et al.  Identification of performance limiting electrode using asymmetric cell configuration in vanadium redox flow batteries , 2013 .

[21]  Jingyu Xi,et al.  Electrochemical activation of graphite felt electrode for VO2+/VO2+ redox couple application , 2013 .

[22]  Xin Gao,et al.  Modification of Carbon Xerogel Electrodes for More Efficient Asymmetric Capacitive Deionization , 2013 .

[23]  Matthew M. Mench,et al.  Probing Electrode Losses in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Impedance Spectroscopy , 2013 .

[24]  Akeel A. Shah,et al.  The importance of key operational variables and electrolyte monitoring to the performance of an all vanadium redox flow battery , 2013 .

[25]  Matthew M. Mench,et al.  In Situ Kinetics Studies in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries , 2013 .

[26]  Jun Ki Hong,et al.  Electrochemical characteristics of vanadium redox reactions on porous carbon electrodes for microfluidic fuel cell applications , 2012 .

[27]  Jianguo Liu,et al.  The electrochemical catalytic activity of single-walled carbon nanotubes towards VO2+/VO2+ and V3+/V2+ redox pairs for an all vanadium redox flow battery , 2012 .

[28]  Gareth Kear,et al.  Development of the all‐vanadium redox flow battery for energy storage: a review of technological, financial and policy aspects , 2012 .

[29]  Maria Skyllas-Kazacos,et al.  Membranes for Redox Flow Battery Applications , 2012, Membranes.

[30]  R. Menéndez,et al.  Thermally reduced graphite oxide as positive electrode in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries , 2012 .

[31]  Xin Gao,et al.  Impact of Pore Size Characteristics on the Electrosorption Capacity of Carbon Xerogel Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization , 2012 .

[32]  Jae‐Hun Kim,et al.  The effects of surface modification on carbon felt electrodes for use in vanadium redox flow batteries , 2011 .

[33]  Maria Skyllas-Kazacos,et al.  State of charge monitoring methods for vanadium redox flow battery control , 2011 .

[34]  T. Shikama,et al.  Acceleration of the redox kinetics of VO2+/VO2+ and V3+/V2+ couples on carbon paper , 2011 .

[35]  M. Mench,et al.  Redox flow batteries: a review , 2011 .

[36]  Maria Skyllas-Kazacos,et al.  Progress in Flow Battery Research and Development , 2011 .

[37]  Michael Vynnycky,et al.  Analysis of a model for the operation of a vanadium redox battery , 2011 .

[38]  Lu Yue,et al.  Highly hydroxylated carbon fibres as electrode materials of all-vanadium redox flow battery , 2010 .

[39]  Jun Liu,et al.  Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon for energy storage in vanadium redox flow batteries , 2010 .

[40]  Faizur Rahman,et al.  Vanadium redox battery: Positive half-cell electrolyte studies , 2009 .

[41]  Greg M. Swain,et al.  Solid Electrode Materials: Pretreatment and Activation , 2007 .

[42]  Liquan Chen,et al.  Characteristics of graphite felt electrode electrochemically oxidized for vanadium redox battery application , 2007 .

[43]  C. Ponce de León,et al.  Redox flow cells for energy conversion , 2006 .

[44]  J. Qian,et al.  The electrochemical reduction of VO2+ in acidic solution at high overpotentials , 2005 .

[45]  Tomoo Yamamura,et al.  Electron-Transfer Kinetics of Np3 + ∕ Np4 + , NpO2 + ∕ NpO2 2 + , V2 + ∕ V3 + , and VO2 + ∕ VO2 + at Carbon Electrodes , 2005 .

[46]  Yasushi Katayama,et al.  Investigations on V(IV)/V(V) and V(II)/V(III) redox reactions by various electrochemical methods , 2005 .

[47]  M. Gattrell,et al.  Study of the Mechanism of the Vanadium 4+/5+ Redox Reaction in Acidic Solutions , 2004 .

[48]  L. Sereno,et al.  Loss and Recovery of Faradaic Response on Glassy Carbon Electrodes: Effect of Electrochemical Pretreatments on Oxide Layer Properties , 2001 .

[49]  K. Chandrasekara Pillai,et al.  Electrochemical and XPS Characterization of Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface Effects on the Preparation of a Monomeric Molybdate(VI)-Modified Electrode , 1997 .

[50]  R. McCreery,et al.  Electron Transfer Kinetics at Modified Carbon Electrode Surfaces: The Role of Specific Surface Sites , 1995 .

[51]  R. McCreery,et al.  Electron Transfer Kinetics of Aquated Fe + 3 / + 2, Eu + 3 / + 2, and V + 3 / + 2 at Carbon Electrodes Inner Sphere Catalysis by Surface Oxides , 1993 .

[52]  R. McCreery,et al.  Effects of Redox System Structure on Electron-Transfer Kinetics at Ordered Graphite and Glassy Carbon Electrodes , 1992 .

[53]  Maria Skyllas-Kazacos,et al.  Modification of graphite electrode materials for vanadium redox flow battery application—I. Thermal treatment , 1992 .

[54]  Maria Skyllas-Kazacos,et al.  Electrochemical behaviour of vanadium(V)/vanadium(IV) redox couple at graphite electrodes , 1992 .

[55]  Akira Negishi,et al.  Vanadium redox reactions and carbon electrodes for vanadium redox flow battery , 1991 .

[56]  Hardcover,et al.  Carbon: Electrochemical and Physicochemical Properties , 1988 .

[57]  Maria Skyllas-Kazacos,et al.  Investigation of the V(V)/V(IV) system for use in the positive half-cell of a redox battery , 1985 .

[58]  T. Meyer,et al.  Electrocatalysis of proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions at glassy carbon electrodes , 1985 .

[59]  Maria Skyllas-Kazacos,et al.  A study of the V(II)/V(III) redox couple for redox flow cell applications , 1985 .

[60]  P. Anantharaman,et al.  Voltammetric studies on a glassy carbon electrode. Part II. Factors influencing the simple electron-transfer reactions—the K3[Fe(CN)6]-K4[Fe(CN)6] system , 1985 .

[61]  R. Engstrom.  Electrochemical pretreatment of glassy carbon electrodes , 1982 .