Biological availability of traffic‐related platinum‐group elements (palladium, platinum, and rhodium) and other metals to the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in water containing road dust

The uptake and bioaccumulation of 15 road dust metals by the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) were investigated in laboratory exposure studies with emphasis on the traffic-related platinum-group elements (PGEs) palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and rhodium (Rh). The biological availability of the metals may depend on water characteristics, so the mussels were maintained in two types of water: nonchlorinated tap water and humic water of a bog lake, both of which contained dust of a moderately frequented road. After an exposure period of 26 weeks, soft tissues of the mussels were freeze-dried and analyzed for the metals. The metal concentrations in the mussel soft tissue ranged from several hundred micrograms per gram (e.g., for iron [Fe]) to less than 10 ng/g (for PGEs). Metal uptake from the road dust by the mussels was found for the PGEs and silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), Fe, lead (Pb), and antimony (Sb). After maintenance of mussels in road dust-contaminated tap water, bioaccumulation factors (BAF = (C(exposed mussels) - C(control mussels))/C(total metal, water), where c is concentration) decreased in the following order: Cu > Cd > Ag > Pd > Sb > Pb > Fe > Pt > Rh. The biological availability of most metals was enhanced by humic water as compared to tap water. Our results show a hitherto unrecognized high availability of Pd for the mussels. Thus, this metal should be monitored more intensively in the environment to assess its distribution in the biosphere.

[1]  S. Biagianti-Risbourg,et al.  Effets du platine chez Brachydanio rerio (Téléostéen, Cyprinidé). I. Toxicité aiguë: bioaccumulation et histopathologie intestinales , 1999 .

[2]  S. Zang,et al.  Dissolution of metallic platinum as water soluble species by naturally occurring complexing agents , 1998 .

[3]  R. Jeffree,et al.  Comparative accumulation of alkaline-earth metals by two freshwater mussel species from the Nepean River, Australia: consistencies and a resolved paradox , 1993 .

[4]  P Schramel,et al.  Platinum-group elements: quantification in collected exhaust fumes and studies of catalyst surfaces. , 2000, The Science of the total environment.

[5]  M. Schuster,et al.  Determination of palladium in environmental samples , 2000 .

[6]  T. Gebel.  Toxicology of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and their compounds , 2000 .

[7]  S. Wood.  The role of humic substances in the transport and fixation of metals of economic interest (Au, Pt, Pd, U, V) , 1996 .

[8]  B. Sures,et al.  First report on the uptake of automobile catalyst emitted palladium by European eels (Anguilla anguilla) following experimental exposure to road dust. , 2001, Environmental pollution.

[9]  N. Ward.  Multielement contamination of British motorway environments , 1990 .

[10]  E. Helmers.  Elements accompanying platinum emitted from automobile catalyst's , 1996 .

[11]  Chen Wei,et al.  Platinum in road dusts and urban river sediments , 1994 .

[12]  D. Stüben,et al.  Uptake of traffic-related heavy metals and platinum group elements (PGE) by plants , 1998 .

[13]  S. Parry,et al.  Temporal and spatial studies of autocatalyst-derived platinum, rhodium, and palladium and selected vehicle-derived trace elements in the environment. , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[14]  C Barbante,et al.  Greenland snow evidence of large scale atmospheric contamination for platinum, palladium, and rhodium. , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[15]  B. Sures,et al.  Trace analysis of platinum in biological samples: a comparison between sector field ICP-MS and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry following different digestion procedures , 2001 .

[16]  S. Rauch,et al.  Platinum uptake by the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus in urban rivers. , 1999, The Science of the total environment.

[17]  D. Laschka,et al.  Platin im Regenabfluß einer Straße , 1996 .

[18]  Peter Calow,et al.  The effects of motorway runoff on freshwater ecosystems: 1. Field study , 1995 .

[19]  N. Fisher,et al.  Rates and routes of trace element uptake in zebra mussels , 1999 .

[20]  L. Peichl,et al.  Biomonitoring verkehrsbedingter Platin-Immissionen , 1996 .

[21]  D. Stüben,et al.  Time-Dependent Increase of Traffic-Emitted Platinum-Group Elements (PGE) in Different Environmental Compartments , 1999 .

[22]  S Artelt,et al.  Bioavailability of fine dispersed platinum as emitted from automotive catalytic converters: a model study. , 1999, The Science of the total environment.

[23]  A. von Bohlen,et al.  Separation and enrichment of palladium and gold in biological and environmental samples, adapted to the determination by total reflection X-ray fluorescence. , 2000, The Analyst.

[24]  E. Helmers,et al.  Geochemical behaviour of platinum-group elements (PGE) in particulate emissions by automobile exhaust catalysts: experimental results and environmental investigations , 1997 .

[25]  N. Fisher,et al.  Field Testing a Metal Bioaccumulation Model for Zebra Mussels , 2000 .

[26]  B. Sures,et al.  Untersuchungen zur Bioverfügbarkeit Kfz-emittierter Platingruppenelemente (PGE) für die aquatische Fauna unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Palladium , 2002 .

[27]  B. Sures,et al.  Determination of trace metals (Cd, Pb) in fish by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion , 1995 .

[28]  P L Brown,et al.  Divalent metal accumulation in freshwater bivalves: an inverse relationship with metal phosphate solubility. , 2001, The Science of the total environment.

[29]  E. Hutchinson,et al.  Changes in platinum concentrations in soils and dusts from UK cities , 2000 .

[30]  S. Rauch,et al.  Bioaccumulation of palladium, platinum and rhodium from urban particulates and sediments by the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus. , 2001, Water research.

[31]  Hyo-Taek Chon,et al.  Heavy metal contamination in dusts and stream sediments in the Taejon area, Korea , 1998 .

[32]  E. Helmers,et al.  Lead in the urban environment — Studying the strong decline in Germany , 1995 .

[33]  A. Wienke,et al.  Interaction of cadmium toxicity in embryos and larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with calcium and humic substances. , 2001, Aquatic toxicology.

[34]  G. Vernet,et al.  Effects of platinum (Pt4+) on Lumbriculus variegatus müller (annelida, oligochaetae): Acute toxicity and bioaccumulation , 1996, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[35]  B. Sures,et al.  Intestinal Fish Parasites as Heavy Metal Bioindicators: A Comparison Between Acanthocephalus lucii (Palaeacanthocephala) and the Zebra Mussel, Dreissena polymorpha , 1997, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[36]  H. Eschnauer,et al.  A contribution to the ecology and enology of platinum , 1997 .

[37]  G. Abbt-Braun,et al.  Basic characterization of reference NOM from Central Europe — Similarities and differences , 1999 .

[38]  W. Cope,et al.  Bioassessment of mercury, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides in the upper Mississippi River with zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha ) , 1999 .