The Effect of Low-Flow and Normal-Flow Desflurane Anesthesia on the Frontal QRS-T Angle in Patients Undergoing Rhinoplasty Operation: A Randomized Prospective Study

Introduction: Low-flow anesthesia (LFA) has gained more interest worldwide owing to its economic and ecological advantages compared to normal-flow anesthesia (NFA). Desflurane is one of the commonly used anesthetic agents for LFA, but it may prolong myocardial repolarization. Frontal QRS-T angle (f[QRS-T]a) is a novel marker of myocardial repolarization. To our knowledge, no study has compared the effect of LFA and NFA on f(QRS-T)a. In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of the LFA and NFA with desflurane on f(QRS-T)a in patients undergoing rhinoplasty operation. Methods: A total of 80 patients undergoing rhinoplasty operations were included in this prospective study. The patients were randomized into two groups as follows: LFA (n = 40) and NFA (n = 40). The frontal QRS-T angle was calculated from the automatic report of the electrocardiography device (Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan). It was recorded at the following time points: T1: preoperative (basal), T2: immediately after anesthesia induction, T3: immediately after endotracheal intubation, T4: 5 min after endotracheal intubation, T5: 15 min after endotracheal intubation, T6: 30 min after endotracheal intubation, T7: 60 min after endotracheal intubation, T8: end of the operation, T9: 15 min after the end of the operation. Results: Baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were similar between the two groups. In the LFA group, f(QRS-T)a was significantly increased at only the T3 time point when compared to T1 (P = 0.003). However, in the NFA group, f(QRS-T)a was significantly increased at T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, and T9 time points when compared to the T1 value (P < 0.05, for all). On the other hand, fQRS-Ta was significantly higher in the NFA group than in the LFA group at T4, T5, and T6 time points. Conclusion: In our study, we have shown for the first time that NFA significantly increased the f(QRS-T)a, whereas LFA did not significantly increase the f(QRS-T)a except for immediately after the endotracheal intubation. It was also detected that f(QRS-T)a was significantly higher in the NFA group compared to that in the LFA group. Therefore, it can be concluded that LFA has more protective effects on myocardial repolarization than NFA.