Acquired renal arteriovenous malformation： the diagnostic value of three-dimensional multidetector-row computed tomography

With the development of renal biopsy and improved treatment modalities for renal trauma, the incidence of acquired renal arteriovenous malformation (RAVM) has gradually increased in recent years [1–4]. Most cases are unilateral and characterized by direct communications between renal arteries and veins via enlarged, tortuous vascular spaces. The symptoms of RAVM usually include hematuria, vascular masses, and intractable hypertension [5–8]. Although digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has long been considered the reference standard for diagnosis of RAVM [9], it is an invasive technique less useful as a conventional means to screen patients suspected of having RAVM. With advances in multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) technology, MDCT angiography offers improved spatial resolution and has replaced traditional imaging work up, including DSA, for most visceral arteries [10–11]. Compared to traditional axial CT, maximum intensity projection (MIP), volume rendering (VR), multiplanar volume reconstruction (MPVR), and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction MDCT imaging can offer more detailed visualization of vascular disorders. Acquired renal arteriovenous malformation: the diagnostic value of three-dimensional multidetector-row computed tomography*