Interferon action and the double-stranded RNA-dependent enzymes ADAR1 adenosine deaminase and PKR protein kinase.

[1]  Alexander Rich,et al.  Structure of the DLM-1–Z-DNA complex reveals a conserved family of Z-DNA-binding proteins , 2018, Nature Structural Biology.

[2]  C. Samuel,et al.  Activation of the RNA-dependent Protein Kinase PKR Promoter in the Absence of Interferon Is Dependent Upon Sp Proteins* , 2006, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[3]  A. Shahangian,et al.  Critical role of TRAF3 in the Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent antiviral response , 2006, Nature.

[4]  S. Tsuji,et al.  Novel splice variants of human ADAR2 mRNA: skipping of the exon encoding the dsRNA-binding domains, and multiple C-terminal splice sites. , 2005, Gene.

[5]  G. Kochs,et al.  The interferon response circuit: Induction and suppression by pathogenic viruses , 2005, Virology.

[6]  R. Bartenschlager,et al.  Dissecting the Interferon-Induced Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Using a Novel Host Cell Line , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[7]  M. Carmo-Fonseca,et al.  SUMO-1 modification alters ADAR1 editing activity. , 2005, Molecular biology of the cell.

[8]  S. Hammond Dicing and slicing , 2005, FEBS letters.

[9]  Anne Gatignol,et al.  TRBP, a regulator of cellular PKR and HIV‐1 virus expression, interacts with Dicer and functions in RNA silencing , 2005, EMBO reports.

[10]  Arvin C. Dar,et al.  Higher-Order Substrate Recognition of eIF2α by the RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase PKR , 2005, Cell.

[11]  Susan S. Taylor,et al.  PKR and eIF2α: Integration of Kinase Dimerization, Activation, and Substrate Docking , 2005, Cell.

[12]  Arvin C. Dar,et al.  Mechanistic Link between PKR Dimerization, Autophosphorylation, and eIF2α Substrate Recognition , 2005, Cell.

[13]  A. Rich,et al.  Modulation of ADAR1 editing activity by Z-RNA in vitro , 2005, Nucleic acids research.

[14]  Weida Huang,et al.  High doses of siRNAs induce eri-1 and adar-1 gene expression and reduce the efficiency of RNA interference in the mouse. , 2005, The Biochemical journal.

[15]  B. Bass,et al.  Inositol Hexakisphosphate Is Bound in the ADAR2 Core and Required for RNA Editing , 2005, Science.

[16]  J. Casey,et al.  Effects of Conserved RNA Secondary Structures on Hepatitis Delta Virus Genotype I RNA Editing, Replication, and Virus Production , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[17]  J. Corbett,et al.  Encephalomyocarditis Virus Induces PKR-Independent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Macrophages , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[18]  P. Kao,et al.  ADAR1 Interacts with NF90 through Double-Stranded RNA and Regulates NF90-Mediated Gene Expression Independently of RNA Editing , 2005, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[19]  Toshiaki Maruyama,et al.  Complete Replication of Hepatitis C Virus in Cell Culture , 2005, Science.

[20]  K. Taira,et al.  Analysis of Double-stranded RNA-induced Apoptosis Pathways Using Interferon-response Noninducible Small Interfering RNA Expression Vector Library* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[21]  B. Williams,et al.  RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Is Required for Alpha-1 Interferon Transgene-Induced Resistance to Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[22]  R. Bartenschlager,et al.  Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome , 2005, Nature Medicine.

[23]  Xiaowei Yang,et al.  Lentivirus-mediated transduction of PKR into CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells inhibits HIV-1 replication in differentiated T cell progeny. , 2005, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

[24]  Daniel R. Clutterbuck,et al.  A bioinformatic screen for novel A-I RNA editing sites reveals recoding editing in BC10 , 2005, Bioinform..

[25]  M. Mayer,et al.  Glutamate receptor ion channels , 2005, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[26]  H. Shimizu,et al.  Mutation analysis of the ADAR1 gene in dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria and genetic differentiation from both dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria and acropigmentatio reticularis. , 2005, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[27]  G. Barber The dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR and cell death , 2005, Cell Death and Differentiation.

[28]  M. Puig,et al.  New Antiviral Pathway That Mediates Hepatitis C Virus Replicon Interferon Sensitivity through ADAR1 , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[29]  M. Gale,et al.  GB virus type C NS5A sequence polymorphisms: association with interferon susceptibility and inhibition of PKR-mediated eIF2alpha phosphorylation. , 2005, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

[30]  C. Samuel,et al.  Expression of Interferon-inducible RNA Adenosine Deaminase ADAR1 during Pathogen Infection and Mouse Embryo Development Involves Tissue-selective Promoter Utilization and Alternative Splicing* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[31]  Yan Zhou,et al.  Double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR) is downregulated by phorbol ester , 2005, The FEBS journal.

[32]  F. Sicheri,et al.  PKR and GCN2 Kinases and Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2B (eIF2B) Recognize Overlapping Surfaces on eIF2α , 2005, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[33]  S. Akira,et al.  Inhibition of RIG-I-Dependent Signaling to the Interferon Pathway during Hepatitis C Virus Expression and Restoration of Signaling by IKKε , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[34]  L. Graves,et al.  Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ-independent Activation of p38 MAPK by Thiazolidinediones Involves Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II and Protein Kinase R , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[35]  M. Trottier,et al.  VSV replication in neurons is inhibited by type I IFN at multiple stages of infection. , 2005, Virology.

[36]  J. M. Cameron,et al.  The N-terminal domain of the vaccinia virus E3L-protein is required for neurovirulence, but not induction of a protective immune response. , 2005, Virology.

[37]  Jun Wang,et al.  Identification of a novel mutation in the DSRAD gene in a Chinese pedigree with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria , 2005, Archives of Dermatological Research.

[38]  Rekha C. Patel,et al.  Identification of the heparin‐binding domains of the interferon‐induced protein kinase, PKR , 2005, The FEBS journal.

[39]  Erez Y. Levanon,et al.  Evolutionarily conserved human targets of adenosine to inosine RNA editing , 2005, Nucleic acids research.

[40]  Zuo Zhang,et al.  Vigilins Bind to Promiscuously A-to-I-Edited RNAs and Are Involved in the Formation of Heterochromatin , 2005, Current Biology.

[41]  K. Nishikura,et al.  ADAR1 RNA Deaminase Limits Short Interfering RNA Efficacy in Mammalian Cells* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[42]  C. Proud eIF2 and the control of cell physiology. , 2005, Seminars in cell & developmental biology.

[43]  Xuejun Zhang,et al.  Two frameshift mutations in the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene associated with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. , 2005, Archives of dermatology.

[44]  Monica Hultcrantz,et al.  RNase L and Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Exert Complementary Roles in Islet Cell Defense during Coxsackievirus Infection1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[45]  Wen‐yuan Zhu,et al.  A new arginine substitution mutation of DSRAD gene in a Chinese family with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. , 2005, Journal of dermatological science.

[46]  A. Rich,et al.  A PKR-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha kinase from zebrafish contains Z-DNA binding domains instead of dsRNA binding domains. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[47]  Y. Kawahara,et al.  Deficient RNA editing of GluR2 and neuronal death in amyotropic lateral sclerosis , 2005, Journal of Molecular Medicine.

[48]  Y. Kon,et al.  The mRNA regulation of porcine double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase gene. , 2004, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[49]  N. Sonenberg,et al.  Resistance to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection Requires a Functional Cross Talk between the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2α Kinases PERK and PKR , 2004, Journal of Virology.

[50]  Michael B. Mathews,et al.  The double-stranded-RNA-binding motif: interference and much more , 2004, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[51]  Alexander Rich,et al.  Widespread A-to-I RNA Editing of Alu-Containing mRNAs in the Human Transcriptome , 2004, PLoS biology.

[52]  Weiran Zhang,et al.  Cells Lacking NF-κB or in Which NF-κB Is Not Activated Vary with Respect to Ability To Sustain Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Replication and Are Not Susceptible to Apoptosis Induced by a Replication-Incompetent Mutant Virus , 2004, Journal of Virology.

[53]  M. Esteban,et al.  Vaccinia virus recombinants as a model system to analyze interferon-induced pathways. , 2004, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

[54]  Xiaoling Zhang,et al.  The Fanconi Anemia Proteins Functionally Interact with the Protein Kinase Regulated by RNA (PKR)* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[55]  W. Blalock,et al.  Serine 18 Phosphorylation of RAX, the PKR Activator, Is Required for PKR Activation and Consequent Translation Inhibition* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[56]  A. Rich,et al.  A poxvirus protein forms a complex with left-handed Z-DNA: crystal structure of a Yatapoxvirus Zalpha bound to DNA. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[57]  Yi-Bing Zhang,et al.  Molecular cloning and characterisation of a fish PKR-like gene from cultured CAB cells induced by UV-inactivated virus. , 2004, Fish & shellfish immunology.

[58]  H. Kirchner,et al.  Interferon-alpha stimulation of liver cells enhances hepatitis delta virus RNA editing in early infection. , 2004, Journal of hepatology.

[59]  T. Tuschl,et al.  Mechanisms of gene silencing by double-stranded RNA , 2004, Nature.

[60]  Joshua J C Rosenthal,et al.  Control of human potassium channel inactivation by editing of a small mRNA hairpin , 2004, Nature Structural &Molecular Biology.

[61]  B. Williams,et al.  Protein Kinase R (PKR) Interacts with and Activates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase 6 (MKK6) in Response to Double-stranded RNA Stimulation* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[62]  M. Gao,et al.  A novel mutation of the DSRAD gene in a Chinese family with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria , 2004, Clinical and experimental dermatology.

[63]  T. Matise,et al.  Widespread RNA editing of embedded alu elements in the human transcriptome. , 2004, Genome research.

[64]  G. Carmichael,et al.  Effects of Length and Location on the Cellular Response to Double-Stranded RNA , 2004, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.

[65]  Zipora Y. Fligelman,et al.  Systematic identification of abundant A-to-I editing sites in the human transcriptome , 2004, Nature Biotechnology.

[66]  Shuji Sato,et al.  By Inhibiting Replication, the Large Hepatitis Delta Antigen Can Indirectly Regulate Amber/W Editing and Its Own Expression , 2004, Journal of Virology.

[67]  J. Langland,et al.  Inhibition of PKR by vaccinia virus: role of the N- and C-terminal domains of E3L. , 2004, Virology.

[68]  M. Karin,et al.  The two NF-κB activation pathways and their role in innate and adaptive immunity , 2004 .

[69]  Xuejun Zhang,et al.  Seven novel mutations of the ADAR gene in Chinese families and sporadic patients with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) , 2004, Human mutation.

[70]  H. Nakano,et al.  TRAF Family Proteins Link PKR with NF-κB Activation , 2004, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[71]  K. Nishikura,et al.  Altered RNA editing of serotonin 5-HT2C receptor induced by interferon: implications for depression associated with cytokine therapy. , 2004, Brain research. Molecular brain research.

[72]  N. McMillan,et al.  Loss of PKR activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia , 2004, International journal of cancer.

[73]  X. Zhang,et al.  Refined localization of dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria gene to a 9·4‐cM region at 1q21–22 and a literature review of 136 cases reported in China , 2004, The British journal of dermatology.

[74]  Li Jiang,et al.  Novel mutations of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene (DSRAD) in Chinese families with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. , 2004, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[75]  Y. Nie,et al.  Subcellular Distribution of ADAR1 Isoforms Is Synergistically Determined by Three Nuclear Discrimination Signals and a Regulatory Motif* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[76]  M. Karin,et al.  The protein kinase PKR is required for macrophage apoptosis after activation of Toll-like receptor 4 , 2004, Nature.

[77]  M. Tohyama,et al.  An RNA‐dependent protein kinase is involved in tunicamycin‐induced apoptosis and Alzheimer's disease , 2004, The EMBO journal.

[78]  C. Samuel,et al.  DNA Damage-binding Proteins and Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1 Function as Constitutive KCS Element Components of the Interferon-inducible RNA-dependent Protein Kinase Promoter* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[79]  N. Sonenberg,et al.  The protein kinase PKR: a molecular clock that sequentially activates survival and death programs , 2004, The EMBO journal.

[80]  P. Seeburg,et al.  Liver Disintegration in the Mouse Embryo Caused by Deficiency in the RNA-editing Enzyme ADAR1* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[81]  M. Weiss,et al.  Stress-induced Apoptosis Associated with Null Mutation of ADAR1 RNA Editing Deaminase Gene* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[82]  Brenda L Bass,et al.  Mutations in RNAi Rescue Aberrant Chemotaxis of ADAR Mutants , 2003, Science.

[83]  C. Gélinas,et al.  To be, or not to be: NF-κB is the answer – role of Rel/NF-κB in the regulation of apoptosis , 2003, Oncogene.

[84]  Y. Nie,et al.  Intracellular Localization of Differentially Regulated RNA-specific Adenosine Deaminase Isoforms in Inflammation* , 2003, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[85]  I. Greger,et al.  AMPA Receptor Tetramerization Is Mediated by Q/R Editing , 2003, Neuron.

[86]  Weiran Zhang,et al.  Activation of NF-κB in cells productively infected with HSV-1 depends on activated protein kinase R and plays no apparent role in blocking apoptosis , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[87]  G. Cheng,et al.  Dephosphorylation of eIF-2α Mediated by the γ134.5 Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Is Required for Viral Response to Interferon but Is Not Sufficient for Efficient Viral Replication , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[88]  B. Sherry,et al.  PKR's protective role in viral myocarditis. , 2003, Virology.

[89]  A. Mercer,et al.  The Orf virus E3L homologue is able to complement deletion of the vaccinia virus E3L gene in vitro but not in vivo. , 2003, Virology.

[90]  Tamio Suzuki,et al.  Mutations of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene (DSRAD) are involved in dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. , 2003, American journal of human genetics.

[91]  C. Samuel,et al.  The PKR kinase promoter binds both Sp1 and Sp3, but only Sp3 functions as part of the interferon-inducible complex with ISGF-3 proteins. , 2003, Virology.

[92]  S. Krishnamurthy,et al.  Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Is Associated with Viral Pathogenesis and Functions as an Alpha Interferon Antagonist , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[93]  R. Reenan,et al.  Nervous System Targets of RNA Editing Identified by Comparative Genomics , 2003, Science.

[94]  M. Clemens,et al.  Inhibition of the protein kinase PKR by the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis C virus genomic RNA. , 2003, RNA.

[95]  M. O’Connell,et al.  An ADAR that edits transcripts encoding ion channel subunits functions as a dimer , 2003, The EMBO journal.

[96]  P. Seeburg,et al.  Regulation of ion channel/neurotransmitter receptor function by RNA editing , 2003, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[97]  A. Rich,et al.  A role for Z-DNA binding in vaccinia virus pathogenesis , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[98]  B. Williams,et al.  Poly(dI·dC)-induced Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated Activation of NFκB and MAP Kinase Is through an Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase (IRAK)-independent Pathway Employing the Signaling Components TLR3-TRAF6-TAK1-TAB2-PKR* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[99]  John M. Murray,et al.  Requirement of Dimerization for RNA Editing Activity of Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[100]  Y. Nie,et al.  Widespread inosine‐containing mRNA in lymphocytes regulated by ADAR1 in response to inflammation , 2003, Immunology.

[101]  M. Carmo-Fonseca,et al.  Dynamic association of RNA-editing enzymes with the nucleolus , 2003, Journal of Cell Science.

[102]  Xiao-yan Xiong,et al.  Identification of a locus for dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria at chromosome 1q11-1q21. , 2003, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[103]  A. Bridgen,et al.  Activation of PKR by Bunyamwera Virus Is Independent of the Viral Interferon Antagonist NSs , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[104]  Johnm . Taylor,et al.  Replication of human hepatitis delta virus: recent developments. , 2003, Trends in microbiology.

[105]  C. Samuel,et al.  Functional analysis of the KCS-like element of the interferon-inducible RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 promoter. , 2003, Gene.

[106]  C. Horvath,et al.  Paramyxoviruses SV5 and HPIV2 assemble STAT protein ubiquitin ligase complexes from cellular components. , 2002, Virology.

[107]  R. Chang,et al.  Involvement of double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor‐2α in neuronal degeneration , 2002, Journal of neurochemistry.

[108]  J. Casey,et al.  Inhibition of Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Editing by Short Inhibitory RNA-Mediated Knockdown of ADAR1 but Not ADAR2 Expression , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[109]  B. Bass,et al.  RNA editing by ADARs is important for normal behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans , 2002, The EMBO journal.

[110]  M. Hallegger,et al.  Nucleocytoplasmic distribution of human RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is modulated by double-stranded RNA-binding domains, a leucine-rich export signal, and a putative dimerization domain. , 2002, Molecular biology of the cell.

[111]  D. Lazinski,et al.  Replicating hepatitis delta virus RNA is edited in the nucleus by the small form of ADAR1 , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[112]  K. Gardiner,et al.  Phylogenetic comparison of the pre-mRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 genes and transcripts: conservation and diversity in editing site sequence and alternative splicing patterns. , 2002, Gene.

[113]  C. Collins,et al.  Adenosine to Inosine Editing by ADAR2 Requires Formation of a Ternary Complex on the GluR-B R/G Site* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[114]  B. Bass,et al.  The role of RNA editing by ADARs in RNAi. , 2002, Molecular cell.

[115]  K. Eguchi,et al.  p48 Overexpression enhances interferon-mediated expression and activity of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in human hepatoma cells. , 2002, Journal of hepatology.

[116]  C. Samuel,et al.  Tissue Selectivity of Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression in Mice Infected with Dam+ versus Dam−Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains , 2002, Infection and Immunity.

[117]  M. Katze,et al.  The Direct Binding of the Catalytic Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 1 to the PKR Protein Kinase Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Inactivation and Disruption of Enzyme Dimer Formation* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[118]  Gozoh Tsujimoto,et al.  Two Novel Transcripts for Human Endothelin B Receptor Produced by RNA Editing/Alternative Splicing from a Single Gene* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[119]  Michael G. Katze,et al.  Viruses and interferon: a fight for supremacy , 2002, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[120]  F. Sicheri,et al.  X-ray crystal structure and functional analysis of vaccinia virus K3L reveals molecular determinants for PKR subversion and substrate recognition. , 2002, Molecular cell.

[121]  C. Samuel,et al.  The promoter-proximal KCS element of the PKR kinase gene enhances transcription irrespective of orientation and position relative to the ISRE element and is functionally distinct from the KCS-like element of the ADAR deaminase Promoter. , 2002, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

[122]  B. Williams,et al.  Absence of PKR attenuates the anti-HSV-1 activity of an adenoviral vector expressing murine IFN-beta. , 2002, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

[123]  P. Seeburg A-to-I Editing New and Old Sites, Functions and Speculations , 2002, Neuron.

[124]  J. Kuriyan,et al.  The Conformational Plasticity of Protein Kinases , 2002, Cell.

[125]  J. Casey,et al.  Increased RNA Editing and Inhibition of Hepatitis Delta Virus Replication by High-Level Expression of ADAR1 and ADAR2 , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[126]  F. Chisari,et al.  Interferon-Regulated Pathways That Control Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Transgenic Mice , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[127]  Michael Karin,et al.  NF-κB at the crossroads of life and death , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[128]  S. Goodbourn,et al.  Degradation of STAT1 and STAT2 by the V Proteins of Simian Virus 5 and Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2, Respectively: Consequences for Virus Replication in the Presence of Alpha/Beta and Gamma Interferons , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[129]  Peter Vandenabeele,et al.  Translation Inhibition in Apoptosis , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[130]  J. Kjems,et al.  CRM1 Mediates the Export of ADAR1 through a Nuclear Export Signal within the Z-DNA Binding Domain , 2001, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[131]  M. Diamond,et al.  Interferon inhibits dengue virus infection by preventing translation of viral RNA through a PKR-independent mechanism. , 2001, Virology.

[132]  C. Samuel,et al.  Vaccinia virus E3L interferon resistance protein inhibits the interferon-induced adenosine deaminase A-to-I editing activity. , 2001, Virology.

[133]  R. Flavell,et al.  Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3 , 2001, Nature.

[134]  A. Herbert,et al.  The role of binding domains for dsRNA and Z-DNA in the in vivo editing of minimal substrates by ADAR1 , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[135]  C. Samuel,et al.  Antiviral Actions of Interferons , 2001, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[136]  O. Donzé,et al.  The Hsp90 chaperone complex is both a facilitator and a repressor of the dsRNA‐dependent kinase PKR , 2001, The EMBO journal.

[137]  K. Ozato,et al.  Heterologous dimerization domains functionally substitute for the double‐stranded RNA binding domains of the kinase PKR , 2001, The EMBO journal.

[138]  M. Hayden,et al.  Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, binds preferentially to Huntington's disease (HD) transcripts and is activated in HD tissue. , 2001, Human molecular genetics.

[139]  A. Hinnebusch,et al.  Binding of Double-stranded RNA to Protein Kinase PKR Is Required for Dimerization and Promotes Critical Autophosphorylation Events in the Activation Loop* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[140]  Paul J. Harrison,et al.  RNA editing of the 5-HT2C receptor is reduced in schizophrenia , 2001, Molecular Psychiatry.

[141]  M. Jantsch,et al.  The human but not the Xenopus RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 has an atypical nuclear localization signal and displays the characteristics of a shuttling protein. , 2001, Molecular biology of the cell.

[142]  T. Date,et al.  Expression of unphosphorylated form of human double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase in Escherichia coli. , 2001, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[143]  R. Sperling,et al.  RNA editing activity is associated with splicing factors in lnRNP particles: The nuclear pre-mRNA processing machinery , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[144]  Colleen M Niswender,et al.  RNA Editing of the Human Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor: Alterations in Suicide and Implications for Serotonergic Pharmacotherapy , 2001, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[145]  A. Koromilas,et al.  Dominant Negative Function by an Alternatively Spliced Form of the Interferon-inducible Protein Kinase PKR* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[146]  H. Kwon,et al.  Activation of the IκBα kinase (IKK) complex by double-stranded RNA-binding defective and catalytic inactive mutants of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR , 2001, Oncogene.

[147]  S. Fagerlie,et al.  Role of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in mediating hypersensitivity of Fanconi anemia complementation group C cells to interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and double-stranded RNA. , 2001, Blood.

[148]  G. Barber Host defense, viruses and apoptosis , 2001, Cell Death and Differentiation.

[149]  M. Esteban,et al.  The catalytic activity of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, is required for NF-κB activation , 2001, Oncogene.

[150]  B. Jacobs,et al.  Both Carboxy- and Amino-Terminal Domains of the Vaccinia Virus Interferon Resistance Gene, E3L, Are Required for Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[151]  M. Iordanov,et al.  Activation of NF-κB by Double-Stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the Absence of Protein Kinase R and RNase L Demonstrates the Existence of Two Separate dsRNA-Triggered Antiviral Programs , 2001, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[152]  I. Mohr,et al.  Inhibition of PKR Activation by the Proline-Rich RNA Binding Domain of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Us11 Protein , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[153]  K. Nishikura,et al.  Requirement of the RNA editing deaminase ADAR1 gene for embryonic erythropoiesis. , 2000, Science.

[154]  Rekha C. Patel,et al.  PACT, a Stress-modulated Cellular Activator of Interferon-induced Double-stranded RNA-activated Protein Kinase, PKR* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[155]  C. Samuel,et al.  Human RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) gene specifies transcripts that initiate from a constitutively active alternative promoter. , 2000, Gene.

[156]  C. Samuel,et al.  Chimeric double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 proteins reveal functional selectivity of double-stranded RNA-binding domains from ADAR1 and protein kinase PKR. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[157]  S. Nanduri,et al.  A dynamically tuned double‐stranded RNA binding mechanism for the activation of antiviral kinase PKR , 2000, The EMBO journal.

[158]  N. Sonenberg,et al.  The Murine Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase PKR Is Required for Resistance to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[159]  S. Goodbourn,et al.  Interferons: cell signalling, immune modulation, antiviral response and virus countermeasures. , 2000, The Journal of general virology.

[160]  M. Bhave,et al.  Regulation of oxytocin receptor gene expression in sheep: tissue specificity, multiple transcripts and mRNA editing. , 2000, Journal of reproduction and fertility.

[161]  R. Reenan,et al.  A-to-I Pre-mRNA Editing in Drosophila Is Primarily Involved in Adult Nervous System Function and Integrity , 2000, Cell.

[162]  B. Williams,et al.  The protein kinase PKR is required for p38 MAPK activation and the innate immune response to bacterial endotoxin , 2000, The EMBO journal.

[163]  C. Samuel,et al.  Assignment1 of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene (Adar) to mouse chromosome 3F2 by in situ hybridization , 2000, Cytogenetic and Genome Research.

[164]  D. Feldmeyer,et al.  Point mutation in an AMPA receptor gene rescues lethality in mice deficient in the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR2 , 2000, Nature.

[165]  E. Meurs,et al.  PKR Stimulates NF-κB Irrespective of Its Kinase Function by Interacting with the IκB Kinase Complex , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[166]  P. Roberts,et al.  Essential role for the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR in innate immunity to viral infection. , 2000, Immunity.

[167]  M. Katze,et al.  Translational Control of Viral Gene Expression in Eukaryotes , 2000, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.

[168]  K. Nishikura,et al.  A third member of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene family, ADAR3, contains both single- and double-stranded RNA binding domains. , 2000, RNA.

[169]  M. Mathews,et al.  Proteins binding to duplexed RNA: one motif, multiple functions. , 2000, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[170]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mouse interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase Pkr gene: cloning and sequence of the 5'-flanking region and functional identification of the minimal inducible promoter. , 2000, Gene.

[171]  M. Esteban,et al.  Activation of NF-κB by the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR involves the IκB kinase complex , 2000, Oncogene.

[172]  K. Nishikura,et al.  Altered G Protein‐Coupling Functions of RNA Editing Isoform and Splicing Variant Serotonin2C Receptors , 2000, Journal of neurochemistry.

[173]  B. Williams,et al.  NF-κB Activation by Double-Stranded-RNA-Activated Protein Kinase (PKR) Is Mediated through NF-κB-Inducing Kinase and IκB Kinase , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[174]  S. Goodbourn,et al.  The V Protein of Simian Virus 5 Inhibits Interferon Signalling by Targeting STAT1 for Proteasome-Mediated Degradation , 1999, Journal of Virology.

[175]  M. Karin,et al.  JNK2 and IKKbeta are required for activating the innate response to viral infection. , 1999, Immunity.

[176]  K. Kuhen,et al.  Alternative splice variants of the human PKR protein kinase possessing different 5'-untranslated regions: expression in untreated and interferon-treated cells and translational activity. , 1999, Virology.

[177]  M. Adelson,et al.  Inhibition of Replication of Reactivated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) in Latently Infected U1 Cells Transduced with an HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat-Driven PKR cDNA Construct , 1999, Journal of Virology.

[178]  R. Kaufman,et al.  Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates virus-induced apoptosis: a new role for an old actor. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[179]  A. Lau,et al.  Inhibitory role of the host apoptogenic gene PKR in the establishment of persistent infection by encephalomyocarditis virus in U937 cells. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[180]  C. de Haro,et al.  Characterization of a mammalian homolog of the GCN2 eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha kinase. , 1999, European journal of biochemistry.

[181]  N. Kudo,et al.  Leptomycin B inactivates CRM1/exportin 1 by covalent modification at a cysteine residue in the central conserved region. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[182]  P. Hartig,et al.  Messenger RNA Editing of the Human Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor , 1999, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[183]  W. Guo,et al.  DRBP76, a Double-stranded RNA-binding Nuclear Protein, Is Phosphorylated by the Interferon-induced Protein Kinase, PKR* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[184]  D. R. Taylor,et al.  Inhibition of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR by HCV E2 protein. , 1999, Science.

[185]  M. Esteban,et al.  Induction of Apoptosis by Double-Stranded-RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase (PKR) Involves the α Subunit of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 and NF-κB , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[186]  R. Emeson,et al.  Serotonin-2C Receptor Pre-mRNA Editing in Rat Brain andin Vitro by Splice Site Variants of the Interferon-inducible Double-stranded RNA-specific Adenosine Deaminase ADAR1* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[187]  A. Rich,et al.  Crystal structure of the Zalpha domain of the human editing enzyme ADAR1 bound to left-handed Z-DNA. , 1999, Science.

[188]  Mingli Yang,et al.  RAX, a Cellular Activator for Double-stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase during Stress Signaling* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[189]  B. Bass,et al.  Long RNA hairpins that contain inosine are present in Caenorhabditis elegans poly(A)+ RNA. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[190]  P. Kao,et al.  Nuclear factor-90 of activated T-cells: A double-stranded RNA-binding protein and substrate for the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR. , 1999, Biochemistry.

[191]  T. Dawson,et al.  Regulation of alternative splicing by RNA editing , 1999, Nature.

[192]  C. Samuel,et al.  Human RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 transcripts possess alternative exon 1 structures that initiate from different promoters, one constitutively active and the other interferon inducible. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[193]  Colleen M. Niswender,et al.  RNA Editing of the Human Serotonin 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C Receptor Silences Constitutive Activity* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[194]  A. Cuddihy,et al.  Double-Stranded-RNA-Activated Protein Kinase PKR Enhances Transcriptional Activation by Tumor Suppressor p53 , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[195]  D. Rebouillat,et al.  The human 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family: interferon-induced proteins with unique enzymatic properties. , 1999, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

[196]  C. Samuel,et al.  Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 gene and identification of an interferon-inducible ADAR1 promoter. , 1999, Gene.

[197]  H. Atkins,et al.  Characterization of Transgenic Mice with Targeted Disruption of the Catalytic Domain of the Double-stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase, PKR* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[198]  M. Jantsch,et al.  The RNA-editing Enzyme ADAR1 Is Localized to the Nascent Ribonucleoprotein Matrix on Xenopus Lampbrush Chromosomes but Specifically Associates with an Atypical Loop , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[199]  Yong Liu,et al.  Editing of Glutamate Receptor Subunit B Pre-mRNA by Splice-site Variants of Interferon-inducible Double-stranded RNA-specific Adenosine Deaminase ADAR1* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[200]  M. Katze,et al.  The Cellular Inhibitor of the PKR Protein Kinase, P58IPK, Is an Influenza Virus-activated Co-chaperone That Modulates Heat Shock Protein 70 Activity* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[201]  K. Kuhen,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: functional characterization of positive and negative regulatory domains that modulate transcriptional activation of the human RNA-dependent protein kinase Pkr promoter. , 1999, Virology.

[202]  D. Ron,et al.  Protein translation and folding are coupled by an endoplasmic-reticulum-resident kinase , 1999, Nature.

[203]  K. Kuhen,et al.  Mechanism of Interferon Action: Identification of Essential Positions within the Novel 15-Base-Pair KCS Element Required for Transcriptional Activation of the RNA-Dependent Protein Kinasepkr Gene , 1998, Journal of Virology.

[204]  T. Mak,et al.  Activation of the dsRNA‐dependent protein kinase, PKR, induces apoptosis through FADD‐mediated death signaling , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[205]  M. Jaramillo,et al.  The murine PKR tumor suppressor gene is rearranged in a lymphocytic leukemia. , 1998, Experimental cell research.

[206]  B. Roizman,et al.  The Herpes Simplex Virus US11 Protein Effectively Compensates for the γ134.5 Gene if Present before Activation of Protein Kinase R by Precluding Its Phosphorylation and That of the α Subunit of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 , 1998, Journal of Virology.

[207]  Tyson V. Sharp,et al.  The vaccinia virus E3L gene product interacts with both the regulatory and the substrate binding regions of PKR: implications for PKR autoregulation. , 1998, Virology.

[208]  B. Williams,et al.  Structure of the double‐stranded RNA‐binding domain of the protein kinase PKR reveals the molecular basis of its dsRNA‐mediated activation , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[209]  G. Stark,et al.  How cells respond to interferons. , 1998, Annual review of biochemistry.

[210]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Role of the vaccinia virus E3L and K3L gene products in rescue of VSV and EMCV from the effects of IFN-alpha. , 1998, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

[211]  G. Sen,et al.  PACT, a protein activator of the interferon‐induced protein kinase, PKR , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[212]  A. Rich,et al.  Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase: nucleic acid binding properties. , 1998, Methods.

[213]  C. Samuel,et al.  Adenovirus VAI RNA antagonizes the RNA-editing activity of the ADAR adenosine deaminase. , 1998, Virology.

[214]  T. Cech,et al.  Binding of the protein kinase PKR to RNAs with secondary structure defects: role of the tandem A-G mismatch and noncontiguous helixes. , 1998, Biochemistry.

[215]  R. Schreiber,et al.  Disruption of the Jak1 Gene Demonstrates Obligatory and Nonredundant Roles of the Jaks in Cytokine-Induced Biologic Responses , 1998, Cell.

[216]  C. Rivas,et al.  Vaccinia virus E3L protein is an inhibitor of the interferon (i.f.n.)-induced 2-5A synthetase enzyme. , 1998, Virology.

[217]  A. Hinnebusch,et al.  Autophosphorylation in the Activation Loop Is Required for Full Kinase Activity In Vivo of Human and Yeast Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α Kinases PKR and GCN2 , 1998, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[218]  D. Green,et al.  DNA damaging agents induce expression of Fas ligand and subsequent apoptosis in T lymphocytes via the activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1. , 1998, Molecular cell.

[219]  M. Katze,et al.  Regulation of Interferon-Induced Protein Kinase PKR: Modulation of P58IPK Inhibitory Function by a Novel Protein, P52rIPK , 1998, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[220]  R. Kaufman,et al.  Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Mediates Apoptosis in Response to Activation of the Double-stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[221]  C. Schmid,et al.  Potential Alu Function: Regulation of the Activity of Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Kinase PKR , 1998, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[222]  B. Jacobs,et al.  Complementation of vaccinia virus deleted of the E3L gene by mutants of E3L. , 1997, Virology.

[223]  J. Radosevich,et al.  Interferon-Responsive Protein Kinase (p68) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Are Inversely Distributed in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma , 1997, Tumor Biology.

[224]  M. Ghoneum,et al.  Elevated apoptotic cell population in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: the pivotal role of protein Kinase RNA , 1997, Journal of internal medicine.

[225]  Tyson V. Sharp,et al.  Homologous regions of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translational initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha) and the vaccinia virus K3L gene product interact with the same domain within the dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). , 1997, European journal of biochemistry.

[226]  J. Darnell STATs and gene regulation. , 1997, Science.

[227]  M J Clemens,et al.  The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR: structure and function. , 1997, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

[228]  David M. Rothwarf,et al.  A cytokine-responsive IκB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-κB , 1997, Nature.

[229]  I. Mian,et al.  A Z-DNA binding domain present in the human editing enzyme, double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[230]  D. Goeddel,et al.  Identification and Characterization of an IκB Kinase , 1997, Cell.

[231]  J. Silverman,et al.  Regulation of the protein kinase PKR by the vaccinia virus pseudosubstrate inhibitor K3L is dependent on residues conserved between the K3L protein and the PKR substrate eIF2alpha , 1997, Molecular and cellular biology.

[232]  R. Emeson,et al.  Regulation of serotonin-2C receptor G-protein coupling by RNA editing , 1997, Nature.

[233]  K. Nishikura,et al.  Editing of glutamate receptor B subunit ion channel RNAs by four alternatively spliced DRADA2 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases , 1997, Molecular and cellular biology.

[234]  C. Smith,et al.  A ribonuclease specific for inosine‐containing RNA: a potential role in antiviral defence? , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[235]  Madhur Kumar,et al.  Nuclear antisense RNA induces extensive adenosine modifications and nuclear retention of target transcripts. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[236]  K. Kuhen,et al.  The PKR protein kinase--an interferon-inducible regulator of cell growth and differentiation. , 1997, International journal of hematology.

[237]  S. Der,et al.  A double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway mediating stress-induced apoptosis. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[238]  M. Mathews,et al.  Surprising specificity of PKR binding to delta agent genomic RNA. , 1997, RNA.

[239]  B. Bass,et al.  Analysis of Xenopus dsRNA adenosine deaminase cDNAs reveals similarities to DNA methyltransferases. , 1997, RNA.

[240]  A. Cuddihy,et al.  Physical association between STAT1 and the interferon‐inducible protein kinase PKR and implications for interferon and double‐stranded RNA signaling pathways , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[241]  J. Langland,et al.  Double-stranded RNA is a trigger for apoptosis in vaccinia virus-infected cells , 1997, Journal of virology.

[242]  Yong Liu,et al.  Functionally Distinct Double-stranded RNA-binding Domains Associated with Alternative Splice Site Variants of the Interferon-inducible Double-stranded RNA-specific Adenosine Deaminase* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[243]  B. Roizman,et al.  The γ134.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1α to dephosphorylate the α subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 and preclude the shutoff of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase , 1997 .

[244]  K. Jeang,et al.  Oncogenic potential of TAR RNA binding protein TRBP and its regulatory interaction with RNA‐dependent protein kinase PKR , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[245]  B. Williams,et al.  Deficient cytokine signaling in mouse embryo fibroblasts with a targeted deletion in the PKR gene: role of IRF‐1 and NF‐κB , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[246]  M. Katze,et al.  The molecular chaperone hsp40 regulates the activity of P58IPK, the cellular inhibitor of PKR. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[247]  K. Kuhen,et al.  Isolation of the interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase Pkr promoter and identification of a novel DNA element within the 5'-flanking region of human and mouse Pkr genes. , 1997, Virology.

[248]  B. Jacobs,et al.  Complementation of deletion of the vaccinia virus E3L gene by the Escherichia coli RNase III gene. , 1997, Virology.

[249]  K. Colley,et al.  Two Naturally Occurring α2,6-Sialyltransferase Forms with a Single Amino Acid Change in the Catalytic Domain Differ in Their Catalytic Activity and Proteolytic Processing* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[250]  M. Katze,et al.  The 58-kDa Cellular Inhibitor of the Double Stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase Requires the Tetratricopeptide Repeat 6 and DnaJ Motifs to Stimulate Protein Synthesis in Vivo* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[251]  A. Hinnebusch,et al.  Autophosphorylation sites participate in the activation of the double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase PKR , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[252]  T. Takizawa,et al.  Possible involvement of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase in cell death by influenza virus infection , 1996, Journal of virology.

[253]  A. Lau,et al.  An essential role for the interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR in the tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[254]  M. Mathews,et al.  Secondary and tertiary structure in the central domain of adenovirus type 2 VA RNA I. , 1996, RNA.

[255]  K. Kuhen,et al.  Structural organization of the human gene (PKR) encoding an interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and differences from its mouse homolog. , 1996, Genomics.

[256]  M. Mathews,et al.  Structure, function, and evolution of adenovirus-associated RNA: a phylogenetic approach , 1996, Journal of virology.

[257]  M. Katze,et al.  Interaction of the interferon-induced PKR protein kinase with inhibitory proteins P58IPK and vaccinia virus K3L is mediated by unique domains: implications for kinase regulation , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[258]  T. Komatsu,et al.  Interferon-γ induced type I nitric oxide synthase activity inhibits viral replication in neurons , 1996, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[259]  C. Samuel,et al.  Characterization of the heparin-mediated activation of PKR, the interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase. , 1996, Virology.

[260]  P. Seeburg,et al.  Structural Requirements for RNA Editing in Glutamate Receptor Pre-mRNAs by Recombinant Double-stranded RNA Adenosine Deaminase (*) , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[261]  P. Seeburg,et al.  Q/R site editing in kainate receptor GluR5 and GluR6 pre-mRNAs requires distant intronic sequences. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[262]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: functionally distinct RNA-binding and catalytic domains in the interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase , 1996, Journal of virology.

[263]  P. Seeburg,et al.  A mammalian RNA editing enzyme , 1996, Nature.

[264]  H. Margolis,et al.  Molecular Cloning and Disease Association of Hepatitis G Virus: A Transfusion-Transmissible Agent , 1996, Science.

[265]  Dwight C. Look,et al.  Stat1 Depends on Transcriptional Synergy with Sp1 (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[266]  A. Aguzzi,et al.  Deficient signaling in mice devoid of double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase. , 1995, The EMBO journal.

[267]  J. Bagg,et al.  Seroepidemiology of herpes virus infections among dental personnel. , 1995, Journal of dentistry.

[268]  Michael E. Greenberg,et al.  Opposing Effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP Kinases on Apoptosis , 1995, Science.

[269]  K. Nishikura,et al.  Genomic organization and chromosomal location of the human dsRNA adenosine deaminase gene: the enzyme for glutamate-activated ion channel RNA editing. , 1995, Journal of molecular biology.

[270]  S. Akbarian,et al.  Editing for an AMPA receptor subunit RNA in prefrontal cortex and striatum in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and schizophrenia , 1995, Brain Research.

[271]  C. Samuel,et al.  The interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene (DSRAD) maps to human chromosome 1q21.1-21.2. , 1995, Genomics.

[272]  T. Mak,et al.  HIV-1 Tat directly interacts with the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase, PKR. , 1995, Virology.

[273]  H. W. Chang,et al.  Rescue of vaccinia virus lacking the E3L gene by mutants of E3L , 1995, Journal of virology.

[274]  C. Samuel,et al.  Expression and regulation by interferon of a double-stranded-RNA-specific adenosine deaminase from human cells: evidence for two forms of the deaminase , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[275]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: characterization of the intermolecular autophosphorylation of PKR, the interferon-inducible, RNA-dependent protein kinase , 1995, Journal of virology.

[276]  M. Mathews,et al.  Activation of the double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase and induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by poly (I).poly (C) in endothelial cells. , 1995, European journal of biochemistry.

[277]  N. Sonenberg,et al.  Abrogation of translation initiation factor eIF‐2 phosphorylation causes malignant transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. , 1995, The EMBO journal.

[278]  T. Takizawa,et al.  Transcription Stimulation of the Fas-encoding Gene by Nuclear Factor for Interleukin-6 Expression upon Influenza Virus Infection (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[279]  K. Nishikura,et al.  Mutagenic Analysis of Double-stranded RNA Adenosine Deaminase, a Candidate Enzyme for RNA Editing of Glutamate-gated Ion Channel Transcripts (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[280]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase from human cells is inducible by alpha and gamma interferons. , 1995, Virology.

[281]  J. Scott,et al.  A place in the world for RNA editing , 1995, Cell.

[282]  M. Katze,et al.  Mutants of the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) lacking double-stranded RNA binding domain I can act as transdominant inhibitors and induce malignant transformation , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[283]  T. Pilot‐Matias,et al.  Isolation of novel virus-like sequences associated with human hepatitis , 1995, Nature Medicine.

[284]  T. Hunter,et al.  The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification 1 , 1995, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[285]  R. Emeson,et al.  Glutamate receptor RNA editing in vitro by enzymatic conversion of adenosine to inosine , 1995, Science.

[286]  F. Blaney,et al.  5-HT2 receptor subtypes: a family re-united? , 1995, Trends in pharmacological sciences.

[287]  M. Higuchi,et al.  Cloning of cDNAs encoding mammalian double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[288]  C. Samuel,et al.  Sequence of the murine interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) deduced from genomic clones. , 1995, Gene.

[289]  M. Katze Regulation of the interferon-induced PKR: can viruses cope? , 1995, Trends in microbiology.

[290]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: RNA-binding activity of full-length and R-domain forms of the RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR--determination of KD values for VAI and TAR RNAs. , 1995, Virology.

[291]  A. Hinnebusch,et al.  Structural requirements for double-stranded RNA binding, dimerization, and activation of the human eIF-2 alpha kinase DAI in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[292]  T Kuner,et al.  Control of kinetic properties of AMPA receptor channels by nuclear RNA editing. , 1994, Science.

[293]  R. Cattaneo,et al.  Biased (A-->I) hypermutation of animal RNA virus genomes. , 1994, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[294]  I. Behrmann,et al.  Structure of the human APO‐1 gene , 1994, European journal of immunology.

[295]  K. Nishikura,et al.  Molecular cloning of cDNA for double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase, a candidate enzyme for nuclear RNA editing. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[296]  S. Kimball,et al.  Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding rat PKR, the double-stranded RNA-dependent eukaryotic initiation factor-2 kinase. , 1994, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[297]  J. Inazawa,et al.  Human Fas ligand: gene structure, chromosomal location and species specificity. , 1994, International immunology.

[298]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: structure of the mouse PKR gene encoding the interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[299]  G. Sen,et al.  Role of the amino-terminal residues of the interferon-induced protein kinase in its activation by double-stranded RNA and heparin. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[300]  Aseem Kumar,et al.  Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activates transcription factor NF-kappa B by phosphorylating I kappa B. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[301]  J. Darnell,et al.  Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins. , 1994, Science.

[302]  D. Speicher,et al.  Purification and characterization of double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase from bovine nuclear extracts. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[303]  M. Katze,et al.  The 58,000-dalton cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat family of proteins , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[304]  D. Fujiwara,et al.  Leptomycin B targets a regulatory cascade of crm1, a fission yeast nuclear protein, involved in control of higher order chromosome structure and gene expression. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[305]  S. B. Lee,et al.  The interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induces apoptosis. , 1994, Virology.

[306]  R. Wolfenden,et al.  Cytidine deaminase. The 2.3 A crystal structure of an enzyme: transition-state analog complex. , 1994, Journal of molecular biology.

[307]  P. Seeburg,et al.  RNA editing of AMPA receptor subunit GluR-B: A base-paired intron-exon structure determines position and efficiency , 1993, Cell.

[308]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: evidence for intermolecular autophosphorylation and autoactivation of the interferon-induced, RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR , 1993, Journal of virology.

[309]  H. Budka,et al.  Clonal expansion of hypermutated measles virus in a SSPE brain. , 1993, Virology.

[310]  G. Ghadge,et al.  Expression of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (p68) in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. , 1993, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[311]  M. Mathews,et al.  Organization of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase DAI and virus-associated VA RNAI in adenovirus-2-infected HeLa cells. , 1993, Journal of cell science.

[312]  B. Moss,et al.  Nuclear localization of a double-stranded RNA-binding protein encoded by the vaccinia virus E3L gene. , 1993, Virology.

[313]  R. Lefkowitz,et al.  Constitutive activity of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins. , 1993, Trends in pharmacological sciences.

[314]  O. Elroy-Stein,et al.  Recombinant vaccinia virus K3L gene product prevents activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent, initiation factor 2 alpha-specific protein kinase. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[315]  H. W. Chang,et al.  Identification of a conserved motif that is necessary for binding of the vaccinia virus E3L gene products to double-stranded RNA. , 1993, Virology.

[316]  C. Disteche,et al.  Chromosomal assignment of the interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PRKR) to human chromosome 2p21-p22 and mouse chromosome 17 E2. , 1993, Genomics.

[317]  C. Samuel,et al.  The eIF-2 alpha protein kinases, regulators of translation in eukaryotes from yeasts to humans. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[318]  S. B. Lee,et al.  The interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated human p68 protein kinase inhibits the replication of vaccinia virus. , 1993, Virology.

[319]  G. Ghadge,et al.  Expression of the protein kinase p-68 recognized by the monoclonal antibody TJ4C4 in human lung neoplasms , 1992, Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology.

[320]  M. Mathews,et al.  Two RNA-binding motifs in the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, DAI. , 1992, Genes & development.

[321]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: autoregulation of RNA-dependent P1/eIF-2 alpha protein kinase (PKR) expression in transfected mammalian cells. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[322]  M. Mathews,et al.  Interactions between double-stranded RNA regulators and the protein kinase DAI , 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

[323]  M. Katze,et al.  Constitutive expression of human double-stranded RNA-activated p68 kinase in murine cells mediates phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and partial resistance to encephalomyocarditis virus growth , 1992, Journal of Virology.

[324]  M. Katze,et al.  Malignant transformation by a mutant of the IFN-inducible dsRNA-dependent protein kinase. , 1992, Science.

[325]  M. Katze,et al.  Characterization and regulation of the 58,000-dalton cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[326]  G. Feng,et al.  Identification of double-stranded RNA-binding domains in the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated p68 kinase. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[327]  H. W. Chang,et al.  The E3L gene of vaccinia virus encodes an inhibitor of the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[328]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: cDNA structure, expression, and regulation of the interferon-induced, RNA-dependent P1/eIF-2 alpha protein kinase from human cells. , 1992, Virology.

[329]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action: identification of a RNA binding domain within the N-terminal region of the human RNA-dependent P1/eIF-2 alpha protein kinase. , 1992, Virology.

[330]  P. Lengyel,et al.  The interferon system. A bird's eye view of its biochemistry. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[331]  B. Sakmann,et al.  Divalent ion permeability of AMPA receptor channels is dominated by the edited form of a single subunit , 1992, Neuron.

[332]  M. Katze,et al.  Functional expression and RNA binding analysis of the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated, 68,000-Mr protein kinase in a cell-free system , 1991, Molecular and cellular biology.

[333]  M. Mathews,et al.  Adenovirus virus-associated RNA and translation control , 1991, Journal of virology.

[334]  M. Katze,et al.  Functional expression and characterization of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA activated P68 protein kinase from Escherichia coli. , 1991, Biochemistry.

[335]  Ding‐Shinn Chen,et al.  The large form of hepatitis delta antigen is crucial for assembly of hepatitis delta virus. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[336]  I. London,et al.  Cloning of the cDNA of the heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF-2 alpha) kinase of rabbit reticulocytes: homology to yeast GCN2 protein kinase and human double-stranded-RNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[337]  P. Gros,et al.  TIK, a novel serine/threonine kinase, is recognized by antibodies directed against phosphotyrosine. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[338]  C. Samuel,et al.  Antiviral actions of interferon. Interferon-regulated cellular proteins and their surprisingly selective antiviral activities. , 1991, Virology.

[339]  F A Quiocho,et al.  Atomic structure of adenosine deaminase complexed with a transition-state analog: understanding catalysis and immunodeficiency mutations. , 1991, Science.

[340]  J. Glenn,et al.  trans-dominant inhibition of human hepatitis delta virus genome replication , 1991, Journal of virology.

[341]  K. Dimock,et al.  Numerous transitions in human parainfluenza virus 3 RNA recovered from persistently infected cells. , 1991, Virology.

[342]  K. Khalili,et al.  Double-stranded RNA unwinding and modifying activity is detected ubiquitously in primary tissues and cell lines. , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.

[343]  J. Taylor,et al.  Role of two forms of hepatitis delta virus antigen: evidence for a mechanism of self-limiting genome replication , 1990, Journal of virology.

[344]  M. Lai The molecular biology of hepatitis delta virus. , 1990, Annual review of biochemistry.

[345]  M. Katze,et al.  Purification and partial characterization of a cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced protein kinase of Mr 68,000 from influenza virus-infected cells. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[346]  I. Kerr,et al.  Molecular cloning and characterization of the human double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon , 1990, Cell.

[347]  N. Sonenberg Measures and countermeasures in the modulation of initiation factor activities by viruses. , 1990, The New biologist.

[348]  J. Taylor,et al.  A specific base transition occurs on replicating hepatitis delta virus RNA , 1990, Journal of virology.

[349]  M. Billeter,et al.  Mutated and hypermutated genes of persistent measles viruses which caused lethal human brain diseases. , 1989, Virology.

[350]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action. Activation of the human P1/eIF-2 alpha protein kinase by individual reovirus s-class mRNAs: s1 mRNA is a potent activator relative to s4 mRNA. , 1989, Virology.

[351]  J. Taylor,et al.  Initiation of replication of the human hepatitis delta virus genome from cloned DNA: role of delta antigen , 1989, Journal of virology.

[352]  G. Brawerman mRNA decay: Finding the right targets , 1989, Cell.

[353]  M. Mathews,et al.  Purification and activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent eIF-2 kinase DAI , 1989, Molecular and cellular biology.

[354]  M. Kozak The scanning model for translation: an update , 1989, The Journal of cell biology.

[355]  Roberto Cattaneo,et al.  Biased hypermutation and other genetic changes in defective measles viruses in human brain infections , 1988, Cell.

[356]  V. Pathak,et al.  Generation of a mutant form of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 lacking the site of phosphorylation by eIF-2 kinases , 1988, Molecular and cellular biology.

[357]  A. Hovanessian,et al.  Autophosphorylation of the protein kinase dependent on double-stranded RNA. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[358]  A. Hovanessian,et al.  The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase is also activated by heparin. , 1987, European journal of biochemistry.

[359]  D. Melton,et al.  Antisense RNA injections in fertilized frog eggs reveal an RNA duplex unwinding activity , 1987, Cell.

[360]  Brenda L. Bass,et al.  A developmentally regulated activity that unwinds RNA duplexes , 1987, Cell.

[361]  M. Kozak Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Virus-Infected Animal Cells , 1986, Advances in Virus Research.

[362]  C. Samuel,et al.  Adenovirus VAI RNA antagonizes the antiviral action of interferon by preventing activation of the interferon-induced eIF-2α kinase , 1986, Cell.

[363]  Michael B. Mathews,et al.  A mechanism for the control of protein synthesis by adenovirus VA RNAI , 1986, Cell.

[364]  M. Berry,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action. Purification and substrate specificities of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase from untreated and interferon-treated mouse fibroblasts. , 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[365]  T. Shenk,et al.  Adenovirus VAI RNA facilitates the initiation of translation in virus-infected cells , 1984, Cell.

[366]  John J. Holland,et al.  Vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particles can contain extensive genomic sequence rearrangements and base substitutions , 1984, Cell.

[367]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action. Characterization of sites of phosphorylation in the interferon-induced phosphoprotein P1 from mouse fibroblasts: evidence for two forms of P1. , 1982, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[368]  C. E. Samuel Mechanism of interferon action: phosphorylation of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 in interferon-treated human cells by a ribosome-associated kinase processing site specificity similar to hemin-regulated rabbit reticulocyte kinase. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[369]  J. Lindenmann,et al.  Virus interference. I. The interferon , 1957, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B - Biological Sciences.

[370]  Alexander Rich,et al.  Left-handed Z-DNA: structure and function , 2004, Genetica.

[371]  M. Mathews,et al.  Phylogenetics and functions of the double-stranded RNA-binding motif: a genomic survey. , 2003, Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology.

[372]  K. McCullough,et al.  Lipopolysaccharide-induced impairment of classical swine fever virus infection in monocytic cells is sensitive to 2-aminopurine. , 2002, Antiviral research.

[373]  A. Koromilas,et al.  PKR protection against intranasal vesicular stomatitis virus infection is mouse strain dependent. , 2002, Viral immunology.

[374]  M. Clemens Initiation Factor eIF2α Phosphorylation in Stress Responses and Apoptosis , 2001 .

[375]  G. Sen,et al.  Viruses and interferons. , 2001, Annual review of microbiology.

[376]  C. Widmann,et al.  Mitogen-activated protein kinase: conservation of a three-kinase module from yeast to human. , 1999, Physiological reviews.

[377]  R. Jagus,et al.  Abnormal levels and minimal activity of the dsRNA-activated protein kinase, PKR, in breast carcinoma cells. , 1999, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[378]  R. Hayden,et al.  Expression of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (p68) in human breast tissues. , 1996, Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine.

[379]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of Interferon Action: Biochemical and Genetic Evidence for the Intermolecular Association of the RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase PKR from Human Cells , 1996 .

[380]  M. Talamonti,et al.  Expression of p68 in human colon cancer. , 1995, Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine.

[381]  C. Samuel,et al.  Mechanism of interferon action motif I of the interferon-induced, RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is sufficient to mediate RNA-binding activity. , 1994, Virology.

[382]  M. Katze,et al.  Tumor suppressor function of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[383]  M. Billeter,et al.  Mutations and A/I hypermutations in measles virus persistent infections. , 1992, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.

[384]  C. Samuel,et al.  Role of the RNA-dependent protein kinase in the regulated expression of genes in transfected cells. , 1992, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

[385]  J. Trent,et al.  Report of the committee on chromosome changes in neoplasia , 1990 .

[386]  K C Zoon,et al.  Interferons and their actions. , 1987, Annual review of biochemistry.

[387]  Y. Kojima,et al.  [Inhibition of vaccinia infection by a liquid factor in tissues infected by homologous virus]. , 1958, Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de biologie et de ses filiales.

[388]  R. Sood,et al.  Identification and Characterization of Pancreatic Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 a -Subunit Kinase, PEK, Involved in Translational Control , 2022 .