Performance and surface scattering models for the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS)

The primary scienti7c objective of the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS), which will be on board Mars Express mission scheduled for launch in 2003, is to map the distribution and depth of the liquid water/ice interface in the upper kilometres of the crust of Mars. MARSIS will also provide unique information to help us understand the recent crustal evolution of the planet. In addition an ionosphere sounding experiment will measure the electron density and structure of the upper atmosphere during day-time operations. We describe the design approach and expected performance by focusing on a model of the surface scattering, which is critical to obtaining a good quality radar response. We characterize the surface in terms of large-scale morphology upon which small-scale geometric variation is superposed. Moreover, MOLA data have been processed using a fractals model to better describe the surface roughness of Mars. We used three categories of rock material with di>erent dielectric properties to assess the performance of the Radar Sounder and detect the depth of the ice/water and dry/ice interface. This paper will focus on studying the e>ect of Mars surface roughness on the penetration performance of MARSIS as a subsurface sounding instrument. The impact of ionosphere on MARSIS operation and performance is signi7cant and will be discussed in a future paper by other authors. ? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.