Alcohol factories and sugar boilers generate a combustion byproduct known as sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA). SCBA is composed mainly of silica and can be used as a concrete mineral admixture. Residual ultra-fine SCBA (9, 10, 15 and 20%) were used to produce conventional and high-performance concretes (CCs and HPCs, respectively) as a cement replacement (in mass) in this investigation. Tests performed for these concretes consisted of adiabatic calorimetric, durability, mechanical, and rheological. That concrete mechanical properties were not significantly changed through SCBA use at all replacement levels was indicated by results. When compared with the reference mixtures, there was superior rapid chloride-ion permeability, water sorption capillary, and rheological test performance by the ultra-fine SCBA concretes. Replacing 15% of cement with ultra-fine SCBA substantially decreased (11%) the maximum CC adiabatic temperature rise.