Multiple Paddlewheels' Influence on Fish Pond Temperature and Aeration

ABSTRACT SIX paddlewheels driven by VA hp (186 W) motors intermittently circulated and aerated a 1.4 acre O.o ha) pond. One to two hours of daytime operation removed temperature stratification and nighttime operation of more than three hours eliminated oxygen gradients. Catfish survival rate was 99.7 percent and energy use was 0.6 kW-h/lb (0.3 kW-h/kg).