Smart Energy Efficient Hierarchical Data Gathering Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

WSNs are the most important machineries to monitor the physical environments. It is an infrastructure-less autonomous, and can be developed under any circumstances. Due to its importance, it is being widely used in different applications of our daily life. Similarly, it is making our hard challenges easy. On contrary of other networks, it has a resource constrained environment. Normally, WSN deployed in an area which is not in the reach of human. So the resources must be used in a fashion that could increase its lifetime. This paper discusses energy and communication overhead saving in each category of routing protocols with respect to the design trade-offs. We also pointed out the performance and advantages of each technique On the basis of these findings any future work could be performed to improve the existing protocols and also use them for other types of networks as well.