Effect of Crude Leaf Extracts on Colletotrichumgloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc.

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. is a fungus that causes anthracnose disease in tropical fruit plants, resulting in damages of the fruit plants and low yield and quality of fruits. The use of chemical fungicides is common for management of this disease, but it also results in the development of fungal resistance to the chemicals. Therefore, this study aims to in vitro evaluate the efficacy of 14 crude leaf extracts against C. gloeosporioides. The results showed that Piper sarmentosum leaf extracts, using 80% of ethanol, methanol, and chloroform as solvents, were found to have very high antifungal activities. Crude methanol extract of P. sarmentosum leaves could effectively inhibit the growth of fungal mycelium (100%), followed by crude chloroform extract (81.85%) and 80% ethanol extract (45.50%). Maximum inhibition of C. gloeosporioides spore germination could be obtained after application with crude methanol extract of P. sarmentosum leaves and crude chloroform extract of Mentha cordifolia leaves at 1.25 and 2.5%, respectively. In conclusion, crude extracts of P. sarmentosum leaves were found to be highly effective for inhibiting both C. gloeosporioides mycelium growth and spore germination, and they have a potential as the new natural fungicides for management of anthracnose disease.

[1]  U. Yusuf,et al.  Antifungal activity of selected plant leaves crude extracts against a pepper anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum capsici (Sydow) butler and bisby (Ascomycota: Phyllachorales) , 2011 .

[2]  P. Latha,et al.  Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants by mixtures of PGPR strains and Zimmu leaf extract against Alternaria solani , 2009 .

[3]  M. A. Resende,et al.  Antifungal properties of plants used in Brazilian traditional medicine against clinically relevant fungal pathogens , 2007 .

[4]  S. Bautista-Baños,et al.  Antifungal Potential of Crude Plant Extracts on Conidial Germination of Two Isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. , 2007 .

[5]  A. Adekunle,et al.  Inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Sac. causal organism of rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) leaf spot using plant extracts , 2007 .

[6]  D. Hollomon,et al.  FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE : THE ASSESSMENT OF RISK , 2007 .

[7]  R. N. Okigbo.  Antifungal effects of two tropical plant leaf extracts (Ocimum gratissimum and Aframomum melegueta) on postharvest yam (Dioscorea spp.) rot , 2006 .

[8]  S. Rahman,et al.  Effect of Fungicides and Plant Extracts on the Conidial Germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Causing Mango Anthracnose , 2005, Mycobiology.

[9]  E. Ruiz-Sánchez,et al.  Screening of Yucatecan plant extracts to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and isolation of a New Pimarene from Acacia pennatula. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[10]  R. N. Okigbo.  Biological control of postharvest fungal rot of yam (Dioscorea spp.) withBacillus subtilis , 2005, Mycopathologia.

[11]  I. Villaseñor,et al.  Bioactivity studies on β‐sitosterol and its glucoside , 2002 .

[12]  A. Amadioha.  Fungitoxic effects of some leaf extracts against rhizopus oryzae causing tuber rot of potato , 2001 .

[13]  M. Kato,et al.  Antifungal amides from Piper hispidum and Piper tuberculatum. , 2000, Phytochemistry.

[14]  S. Bautista-Baños,et al.  Antifungal screening of plants of the State of Morelos, Mexico against four fungal postharvest pathogens of fruits and vegetables. , 2000 .

[15]  D. Krishnaveni,et al.  In-vitro Antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against two Fungal Pathogens of Castor , 1995 .

[16]  C. H. Fawcett,et al.  Plant Chemotherapy with Natural Products , 1970 .

[17]  R. L. Wain,et al.  Fungistatic Properties of Plant Tissues: An Antifungal Substance from the Tissues of Vicia faba , 1957, Nature.

[18]  H. Schmitz.  A suggested toximetric method for wood preservatives. , 1930 .