Study of Gadolinium-doped cerium oxide by XRD, TG-DTA, impedance analysis, and positron lifetime spectroscopy

X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis, impedance analysis, and positron lifetime spectroscopy were conducted for Gadolinium-doped cerium oxides (GDC) prepared using oxalate coprecipitation method. XRD revealed the fluorite structure indicating that gadolinium is successfully doped into cerium oxide. Prior to sintering, the vacancy-sized free volume and nanovoid were observed at grain boundaries. The vacancy-sized free volumes shrank with increasing sintering temperatures and finally got dominant.