Cone-Photoreceptor Density in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

PURPOSE Changes to retinal structure and function occur in individuals with diabetes before the onset of diabetic retinopathy. It is still unclear if these changes initially affect vascular or neural retina, or if particular retinal areas are more susceptible than others. This paper examines the distribution of cone photoreceptor density in the retina of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS This cross-sectional prospective study includes 29 adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes and no diabetic retinopathy and 44 control participants recruited at the Hospital for Sick Children. Adaptive-optics enhanced retinal imaging of the cone photoreceptor mosaic was performed in four quadrants at an eccentricity of ∼7° from the fovea. After image registration and averaging, cone photoreceptors were counted and photoreceptor density was calculated. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to assess the differences in photoreceptor density between groups. RESULTS Cone density was similar in both control participants and participants with diabetes. There was a small effect of retinal hemisphere; participants with diabetes did not show the expected radial asymmetry observed in control participants. CONCLUSIONS Cone density in the parafoveal retina is not reduced in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

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