Dispersion compensating Raman amplifiers with pump reflectors for increased efficiency

The effect of retroreflecting the pump in discrete Raman amplifiers is investigated. Simulations are used to estimate the increase in gain and efficiency and decrease in multipath interference due to double Rayleigh backscatter for typical module configurations. The effect of reflecting only a portion of the pump spectrum is considered. Experimental measurements confirm the expected increase in gain. Finally, the effect of pump-signal relative intensity noise transfer is investigated experimentally.

[1]  S. Namiki,et al.  Broadband lossless DCF using Raman amplification pumped by multichannel WDM laser diodes , 1998 .

[2]  S. Chernikov,et al.  Characterization of double Rayleigh scatter noise in Raman amplifiers , 2000, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[3]  C. Fludger,et al.  Pump to signal RIN transfer in Raman fiber amplifiers , 2001 .

[4]  K. Kojima,et al.  High power, low RIN, spectrally-broadened 14xx DFB pump for application in co-pumped Raman amplification , 2001, Proceedings 27th European Conference on Optical Communication (Cat. No.01TH8551).

[5]  F. W. Willems,et al.  RIN increase caused by amplified-signal redirected Rayleigh scattering in erbium-doped fibers , 1994 .

[6]  B.J. Eggleton,et al.  Electrically tunable power efficient dispersion compensating fiber Bragg grating , 1999, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[7]  J.J. DeMarco,et al.  Rayleigh scattering limitations in distributed Raman pre-amplifiers , 1998, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[8]  Shu Namiki,et al.  Broadband flat-noise Raman amplifier using low-noise bidirectionally pumping sources , 2001, Proceedings 27th European Conference on Optical Communication (Cat. No.01TH8551).

[9]  T. Veng,et al.  Module for simultaneous C+L-band dispersion compensation and Raman amplification , 2002, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit.

[10]  K. Rottwitt,et al.  Pump interactions in a 100-nm bandwidth Raman amplifier , 1999, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[11]  Morten Nissov,et al.  Rayleigh crosstalk in long cascades of distributed unsaturated Raman amplifiers , 1999 .

[12]  Lars Gruner-Nielsen,et al.  Raman amplification for loss compensation in dispersion compensating fibre modules , 1998 .