Evidence against a central bottleneck during the attentional blink: Multiple channels for configural and featural processing

When a visual target is identified, there is a period of several hundred milliseconds when the processing of subsequent targets is impaired, a phenomenon labeled the attentional blink (AB). The emerging consensus is that the identification of a visual target temporarily occupies a limited attentional resource that is essential for all visual perception. The present results challenge this view. With the same digit discrimination task that impaired subsequent letter discrimination for several hundred milliseconds, we found no disruption of subsequent face discrimination. These results suggest that all stimuli do not compete for access to a single resource for visual perception. We propose a multi-channel account of interference in the AB paradigm.

[1]  Pierre Jolickur Concurrent Response-Selection Demands Modulate the Attentional Blink , 1999 .

[2]  M. Tarr,et al.  FFA: a flexible fusiform area for subordinate-level visual processing automatized by expertise , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[3]  James W. Tanaka,et al.  Expertise in object and face recognition , 1997 .

[4]  H. Pashler Dual-task interference in simple tasks: data and theory. , 1994, Psychological bulletin.

[5]  M. Tarr,et al.  Training ‘greeble’ experts: a framework for studying expert object recognition processes , 1998, Vision Research.

[6]  V. Lollo,et al.  Low-level masking in the attentional blink , 1997 .

[7]  Kimron Shapiro,et al.  Direct measurement of attentional dwell time in human vision , 1994, Nature.

[8]  D. Meyer,et al.  Attention and Performance XIV , 1973 .

[9]  M. Farah,et al.  What is "special" about face perception? , 1998, Psychological review.

[10]  D E Kieras,et al.  A computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple-task performance: Part 1. Basic mechanisms. , 1997, Psychological review.

[11]  E. Vogel,et al.  Electrophysiological Evidence for a Postperceptual Locus of Suppression during the Attentional Blink Time-based Attention and the Attentional Blink , 1998 .

[12]  E. Vogel,et al.  Word meanings can be accessed but not reported during the attentional blink , 1996, Nature.

[13]  Daniel Gopher,et al.  On the Economy of the Human Processing System: A Model of Multiple Capacity. , 1977 .

[14]  V Di Lollo,et al.  The preattentive emperor has no clothes: a dynamic redressing. , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[15]  K L Shapiro,et al.  The attentional blink reflects retrieval competition among multiple rapid serial visual presentation items: tests of an interference model. , 1999, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[16]  H. Egeth,et al.  Beyond similarity: Masking of the target is sufficient to cause the attentional blink , 1997, Perception & psychophysics.

[17]  J. Duncan,et al.  Effects of similarity, difficulty, and nontarget presentation on the time course of visual attention , 1997, Perception & psychophysics.

[18]  V. Lollo,et al.  Beyond the attentional blink: visual masking by object substitution. , 1998, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[19]  K L Shapiro,et al.  Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: an attentional blink? . , 1992, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[20]  N. Lavie,et al.  Changing Faces: A Detection Advantage in the Flicker Paradigm , 2001, Psychological science.

[21]  P Jolicoeur,et al.  Attentional blink for color. , 1999, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[22]  M. Tarr,et al.  Unraveling mechanisms for expert object recognition: bridging brain activity and behavior. , 2002, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[23]  Ken Nakayama,et al.  Attentional requirements in a ‘preattentive’ feature search task , 1997, Nature.

[24]  P. Jolicoeur,et al.  Selective influence of second target exposure duration and Task1 load effects in the attentional blink phenomenon , 2000, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[25]  M. Potter,et al.  A two-stage model for multiple target detection in rapid serial visual presentation. , 1995, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[26]  K. Shapiro,et al.  Personal names and the attentional blink: a visual "cocktail party" effect. , 1997, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[27]  D. Broadbent,et al.  From detection to identification: Response to multiple targets in rapid serial visual presentation , 1987, Perception & psychophysics.

[28]  James T. Enns,et al.  Visual masking plays two roles in the attentional blink , 1999, Perception & psychophysics.

[29]  S. Luck,et al.  Electrocortical substrates of visual selective attention , 1993 .

[30]  N. Kanwisher,et al.  The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.