8 Combustion in Gas-fueled Compression Ignition Engines of the Dual Fuel Type

In the dual fuel engine, much of the energy release comes from the combustion of the gaseous fuel and only a small amount of diesel liquid fuel provides ignition through timed cylinder injection. Such operation with optimum conversion methods has the potential to provide operational characteristics that are comparable or superior to those of the corresponding diesel or spark ignition engines. These characteristics may be realized only if sufficiently effective measures can be ensured both for the avoidance of knock, usually at high loads, and incomplete gaseous fuel utilization at relatively light loads. To overcome these problems associated with the operation of dual fuel engines over a wide range of fuels and their mixtures, better control of the relatively complex processes of combustion is essential. Both experimental and analytical modeling procedures for effecting optimum improvements to the combustion process are described. Keywords: dual fuel engine; compression ignition engine; combustion; gas fuel; knock; fuel utilization; modeling

[1]  R. W. Wheeler,et al.  A study of the reactions that lead to 'knock' in the spark-ignite engine , 1951, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[2]  A. E. Felt,et al.  Combustion Control in Dual-Fuel Engines , 1962 .

[3]  Ghazi A. Karim,et al.  Knock in Dual-Fuel Engines , 1966 .

[4]  Ghazi A. Karim,et al.  Examination of Effective Rates of Combustion Heat Release in a Dual-Fuel Engine: , 1968 .

[5]  Ghazi A. Karim,et al.  The Combustion of Gaseous Fuels in a Dual Fuel Engine of the Compression Ignition Type with Particular Reference to Cold Intake Temperature Conditions , 1980 .

[6]  K. S. Varde,et al.  Propane Fumigation in a Direct Injection Type Diesel Engine , 1983 .

[7]  G. A. Karim,et al.  DETERMINATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A DUAL FUEL DIESEL ENGINE WITH THE ADDITION OF VARIOUS LIQUID FUELS TO THE INTAKE CHARGE , 1983 .

[8]  Ghazi A. Karim,et al.  The Dual Fuel Engine , 1987 .

[9]  G. Karim,et al.  Examination of the Combustion of a Fuel Jet in a Homogeneously Premixed Lean Fuel-Air Stream , 1988 .

[10]  R. R. Raine,et al.  New Zealand Experience with Natural Gas Fuelling of Heavy Transport Engines , 1989 .

[11]  G. Karim,et al.  Modeling of the combustion process in a dual fuel direct injection engine , 1990 .

[12]  Operation of a class 8 truck on natural gas/ diesel , 1991 .

[13]  Ghazi A. Karim,et al.  An Examination of Some Measures for Improving the Performance of Gas Fuelled Diesel Engines at Light Load , 1991 .

[14]  P. G. Hill,et al.  Intensifier-injector for natural gas fueling of diesel engines , 1992 .

[15]  Zhigang Liu,et al.  A Predictive Model for Knock in Dual Fuel Engines , 1992 .

[16]  G. Karim,et al.  Exhaust Emissions from Dual Fuel Engines at Light Load , 1993 .

[17]  Ghazi A. Karim,et al.  An Analysis of Fuel Droplets Ignition and Combustion within Homogeneous Mixtures of Fuel and Air , 1994 .

[18]  G. Karim,et al.  The Ignition Delay Period in Dual Fuel Engines , 1995 .

[19]  Takeshi Saito,et al.  Controlling combustion and exhaust emissions in a direct-injection diesel engine dual-fueled with natural gas , 1995 .

[20]  G. Karim,et al.  An analytical examination of the combustion of a turbulent jet in an environment of air containing a premixed fuel or a diluent , 1995 .

[21]  G. A. Karim,et al.  An Examination of the Role of Residual Gases in the Combustion Processes of Motored Engines Fuelled with Gaseous Fuels , 1996 .

[22]  Ghazi A. Karim,et al.  Simulation of combustion processes in gas-fuelled diesel engines , 1997 .

[23]  R. L. Barkhimer,et al.  Strategies to Improve Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Dual-Fuel Pilot Ignited Natural Gas Engines , 1997 .

[24]  G. Karim,et al.  An Examination of the Ignition Delay Period in Gas-Fueled Diesel Engines , 1998 .

[25]  G. Karim,et al.  The Effects of Pilot Fuel Quality on Dual Fuel Engine Ignition Delay , 1998 .

[26]  Ghazi A. Karim,et al.  An examination of the flame spread limits in a dual fuel engine , 1999 .

[27]  Aiyagari Ramesh,et al.  Experimental Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Performance of a LPG - Diesel Dual Fuel Engine , 1999 .

[29]  Robert E. Hayes,et al.  Experimental and Modelling Study of Variable Cycle Time for a Reversing Flow Catalytic Converter for Natural Gas/Diesel Dual Fuel Engines , 2000 .

[30]  P. G. Hill,et al.  Effects of Injection Changes on Efficiency and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Direct Injection of Natural Gas , 2000 .

[31]  G. A. Karim,et al.  A Kinetic Examination of the Effects of Recycled Exhaust Gases on the Autoignition of Homogeneous N-Heptane-Air Mixtures in Engines , 2000 .

[33]  G. Karim,et al.  A Kinetic Investigation of the Role of Changes in the Composition of Natural Gas in Engine Applications , 2002 .

[34]  Ghazi A. Karim,et al.  Combustion in Gas Fueled Compression: Ignition Engines of the Dual Fuel Type , 2003 .

[35]  Youtong Zhang,et al.  Modeling and Simulation of a Dual Fuel (Diesel/Natural Gas) Engine With Multidimensional CFD , 2003 .

[36]  S. O. Bade Shrestha,et al.  The Operational Mixture Limits in Engines Fueled With Alternative Gaseous Fuels , 2006 .

[37]  A 3D-Simulation with Detailed Chemical Kinetics of Combustion and Quenching in an HCCI Engine , 2008 .

[38]  G. Karim,et al.  Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Simulation of Diesel and Dual Fuel Engine Combustion , 2009 .