What Makes Eco‐Transformation of Industrial Parks Take Off in China?

This article focuses on the effects of policy instruments for developing viable eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) in China. We analyzed the root of China's national EIP program and inventoried the general instruments available to local authorities to shape and promote eco‐industrial development. Empirical research conducted in Tianjin Economic‐technological Development Area and Dalian Development Area led to the activities and actions conducted by local authorities. A quantitative method, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, was adopted to reveal the effects of policy instruments for comparative analysis. We conclude that the planned EIP model is useful in the early stage of EIP development, and, subsequently, it should be combined with a facilitated model to achieve long‐term goals for eco‐transformation. To this end, the policy package of economic, regulatory, and voluntary instruments should be integrated and tailored in alignment with the local situation.

[1]  Zengwei Yuan,et al.  Which is more cost-effective? A comparison of two wastewater treatment models in China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, China , 2010 .

[2]  A. Heshmati,et al.  A review of the circular economy in China : Moving from rhetoric to implementation , 2013 .

[3]  E. Ostrom.  Understanding Institutional Diversity , 2005 .

[4]  Wei Liu,et al.  Study of the performance of eco-industrial park development in China , 2014 .

[5]  Jennifer A. Howard-Grenville,et al.  The Social Embeddedness of Industrial Ecology , 2011 .

[6]  Marian Chertow,et al.  INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: Literature and Taxonomy , 2000 .

[7]  Ching-Lai Hwang,et al.  Multiple attribute decision making : an introduction , 1995 .

[8]  Qinghua Zhu,et al.  Planning for integrated solid waste management at the industrial park level: a case of Tianjin, China. , 2007, Waste management.

[9]  Jinping Tian,et al.  China's Quest for Eco-industrial Parks, Part II: Reflections on a Decade of Exploration , 2012 .

[10]  Leo Baas,et al.  The introduction and dissemination of the industrial symbiosis projects in the Rotterdam Harbour and Industry Complex , 2007 .

[11]  Lu Gen-fa.  Evaluation of circular economy development in industrial park based on eco-efficiency theory and TOPSIS approach , 2008 .

[12]  T. Seager,et al.  Application of Multicriteria Decision Analysis in Environmental Decision Making , 2005, Integrated environmental assessment and management.

[13]  Mohammad Jafar Ostad-Ahmad-Ghorabi,et al.  Advancing environmental evaluation in cement industry in Iran , 2013 .

[14]  T. Domenech,et al.  The role of Embeddedness in Industrial Symbiosis Networks: Phases in the Evolution of Industrial Symbiosis Networks , 2011 .

[15]  Yong Geng,et al.  Industrial park management in the Chinese environment , 2009 .

[16]  Y. Geng,et al.  Integrated water resource management at the industrial park level: A case of the Tianjin Economic Development Area , 2006 .

[17]  Y. Geng,et al.  Assessment of the National Eco‐Industrial Park Standard for Promoting Industrial Symbiosis in China , 2009 .

[18]  Tien-Chin Wang,et al.  Developing a fuzzy TOPSIS approach based on subjective weights and objective weights , 2009, Expert Syst. Appl..

[19]  Murat Mirata,et al.  Experiences from early stages of a national industrial symbiosis programme in the UK: determinants and coordination challenges , 2004 .

[20]  W. Ashton.  Understanding the Organization of Industrial Ecosystems A Social Network Approach , 2009 .

[21]  Tareq Emtairah,et al.  Industrial symbiosis networks and the contribution to environmental innovation: The case of the Landskrona industrial symbiosis programme , 2005 .

[22]  I. Costa,et al.  Waste management policies for industrial symbiosis development: case studies in European countries. , 2010 .

[23]  Han Shi,et al.  Barriers to the implementation of cleaner production in Chinese SMEs: government, industry and expert stakeholders' perspectives , 2008 .

[24]  Chang Yu,et al.  Process analysis of eco-industrial park development - the case of Tianjin, China , 2014 .

[25]  Joseph Sarkis,et al.  Emergy analysis of an industrial park: the case of Dalian, China. , 2010, The Science of the total environment.

[26]  Jun Bi,et al.  Eco-industrial parks: national pilot practices in China , 2010 .

[27]  Y. Geng,et al.  Environmental Management Systems at the Industrial Park Level in China , 2003, Environmental management.

[28]  Han Shi,et al.  Developing country experience with eco-industrial parks: a case study of the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area in China , 2010 .

[29]  Jingwen Huang,et al.  Combining entropy weight and TOPSIS method for information system selection , 2008, 2008 IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems.

[30]  Rong Qin,et al.  Industrial sustainability in China: practice and prospects for eco-industrial development. , 2007, Journal of environmental management.

[31]  F. Boons,et al.  Levels of Institutional Capacity and Actor Expectations about Industrial Symbiosis , 2012 .

[32]  Jennifer A. Howard-Grenville,et al.  The Evolution of Facilitated Industrial Symbiosis , 2012 .

[33]  Igor Linkov,et al.  Multi-criteria decision analysis in environmental sciences: ten years of applications and trends. , 2011, The Science of the total environment.

[34]  Anne K. Hewes,et al.  The Humanistic Side of Eco-Industrial Parks: Champions and the Role of Trust , 2008 .

[35]  M. Ramachandran,et al.  Application of multi-criteria decision making to sustainable energy planning--A review , 2004 .

[36]  W. Ashton.  Understanding the Organization of Industrial Ecosystems , 2008 .

[37]  J. Ehrenfeld,et al.  Organizing Self‐Organizing Systems , 2012 .

[38]  Jinping Tian,et al.  China's Quest for Eco-industrial Parks, Part II , 2012 .

[39]  Bing Zhang,et al.  Drivers and barriers to engage enterprises in environmental management initiatives in Suzhou Industrial Park, China , 2009 .

[40]  Yong Geng,et al.  Evaluating the applicability of the Chinese eco-industrial park standard in two industrial zones , 2008 .

[41]  P. Laybourn,et al.  Redefining Industrial Symbiosis , 2012 .

[42]  Johan Grievink,et al.  Public Roles and Private Interests in Petrochemical Clusters: Model-based Decision Support of the Regional Development Board , 2005 .