The two faces of presbyacusis: Hearing impairment and psychosocial consequences: Los dos rostros de la presbiacusia: Impedimento auditivo y consecuencias psicosociales

A study of hearing disability and handicap was performed in a sample of elderly persons living in an urban area of Goteborg, Sweden. The aim was to describe the psychosocial consequences of presbyacusis. For this purpose, elderly persons with fairly uncontaminated presbyacusis were chosen. The study group consisted of 154 persons (59 men and 95 women) between the ages of 70 and 91 with a median age of 78 years. The methods used included a self-assessed hearing instrument, pure-tone audiometry, and registration of desired services regarding rehabilitative audiology. The questionnaire included 26 items, 20 of them within four areas: assessment of normality, communication, quality of life and environment/orientation. The results showed that the assessment, whether the hearing was normal or not, was correlated with audiometrically measured hearing. Many of the participants expressed concern that their hearing had deteriorated. Communication situations with background noise were troublesome for many of the participants, but they had only minor problems when performing daily activities like shopping. The quality of life in general was only mildly affected by hearing loss. Items regarding environment and orientation showed varying results. Some everyday aspects of listening were related to hearing ability, but directional hearing was not correlated with measured hearing. In spite of the participants' worry about hearing deterioration, only 8% requested hearing aids as a result of the examination. Sumario Se realizo un estudio de discapacidad y deventaja auditiva en una muestra de ancianos que habitan en el area urbana de Goteborg, Suecia. El objetivo fue describir las consecuencias psicosociales de la presbiacusia. Para ello se seleccionaron ancianos con presbiacusia sin contamination por otros factores etiologicos. El grupo fue integrado por 154 personas (59 hombres y 95 mujeres) de edades entre 70–91 arios con una media de 78. Los metodos que se usaron incluyeron un instrumento de auto-evaluacion de la audicion, audiometria por tonos puros y registro de los servicios requeridos de audiologia rehabilitativa. El cuestionario incluyo 26 puntos, 20 de ellos en 4 areas: evaluacion de la normalidad, comunicacion, calidad de vida y orientacion y ambientacion. Los resultados muestran que la evaluacion, sea normal o no la audicion, se correlaciona con las mediciones audiometricas. Muchos de los participantes expresaron preocupacion acerca del deterioro de su audicion. Las situaciones comunicativas con ruido ambiental fueron consideradas como muy dificiles para muchos de los participantes pero solo tenian problemas menores al realizar actividades cotidianas, como ir de compras. La calidad de vida en general fue solo medianamente afectada por la perdida auditiva. Las preguntas sobre orientacion y ambiente mostraron resultados diversos. Algunos aspectos cotidianos se relacionaron con las habilidades auditivas, pero la audicion direccional no se correlaciono con la audicion medida. A pesar de la preocupacion de los participantes sobre su deterioro auditivo, solamente el 8% solicitaron auxiliares auditivos como resultado del examen.

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