In Vitro Susceptibilities of Madurella mycetomatis to Itraconazole and Amphotericin B Assessed by a Modified NCCLS Method and a Viability-Based 2,3-Bis(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5- Sulfophenyl)-5-[(Phenylamino)Carbonyl]-2H- Tetrazolium Hydroxide (XTT) Assay

ABSTRACT Susceptibilities of Madurella mycetomatis against amphotericin B and itraconazole in vitro were determined by protocols based on NCCLS guidelines (visual reading) and a 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay for fungal viability. The XTT assay was reproducible and sensitive for both antifungals. Itraconazole (MIC at which 50% of the isolates tested are inhibited [MIC50]) of 0.06 to 0.13 mg/liter) was superior to amphotericin B (MIC50 of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/liter).

[1]  Maria José Figueras,et al.  Atlas of clinical fungi. , 2005 .

[2]  A. van Belkum,et al.  Molecular Detection and Identification of Agents of Eumycetoma: Detailed Report of Two Cases , 2003, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[3]  A. van Belkum,et al.  Madurella mycetomatis Strains from Mycetoma Lesions in Sudanese Patients Are Clonal , 2003, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[4]  J. Dupouy-Camet,et al.  Mycetoma of the Foot Caused by Fusarium solani: Identification of the Etiologic Agent by DNA Sequencing , 2003, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[5]  P. J. Donnelly,et al.  Comparison of Spectrophotometric and Visual Readings of NCCLS Method and Evaluation of a Colorimetric Method Based on Reduction of a Soluble Tetrazolium Salt, 2,3-Bis {2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-[(Sulfenylamino) Carbonyl]-2H- Tetrazolium-Hydroxide}, for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of AspergillusSpeci , 2001, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[6]  J. Guarro,et al.  In Vitro Activities of 10 Antifungal Drugs against 508 Dermatophyte Strains , 2001, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[7]  J. Guarro,et al.  In Vitro Antifungal Activities of the New Triazole UR-9825 against Clinically Important Filamentous Fungi , 2001, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[8]  M. Ghannoum,et al.  Utility of 2,3-Bis(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-5-[(Phenyl-Amino)Carbonyl]-2H-Tetrazolium Hydroxide (XTT) and Minimum Effective Concentration Assays in the Determination of Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus fumigatus to the Lipopeptide Class of Compounds , 2001, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[9]  M. Mcginnis,et al.  In Vitro Activities of Voriconazole, Itraconazole, and Amphotericin B against Blastomyces dermatitidis,Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum , 2000, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[10]  A. van Belkum,et al.  Development of a Species-Specific PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Procedure for Identification ofMadurella mycetomatis , 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[11]  Elizabeth M. Johnson,et al.  In Vitro Activity of Syn-2869, a Novel Triazole Agent, against Emerging and Less Common Mold Pathogens , 1999, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[12]  A. van Belkum,et al.  Development of a species-specific PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis procedure for identification of Madurella mycetomatis. , 1999, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[13]  M. Mcginnis,et al.  In Vitro Testing of Susceptibilities of Filamentous Ascomycetes to Voriconazole, Itraconazole, and Amphotericin B, with Consideration of Phylogenetic Implications , 1998, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[14]  M. Ghannoum,et al.  Comparison of a 2,3-Bis(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-5-[(Phenylamino)Carbonyl]-2H-Tetrazolium Hydroxide (XTT) Colorimetric Method with the Standardized National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Method of Testing Clinical Yeast Isolates for Susceptibility to Antifungal Agents , 1998, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[15]  M. Goodfellow,et al.  Nocardia, nocardiosis and mycetoma. , 1998, Medical mycology.

[16]  S. Radford,et al.  In vitro studies of activity of voriconazole (UK-109,496), a new triazole antifungal agent, against emerging and less-common mold pathogens , 1997, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.

[17]  E. L. Smith,et al.  Improvement of eumycetoma with itraconazole. , 1997, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[18]  P. V. Venugopal,et al.  TREATMENT OF EUMYCETOMA WITH KETOCONAZOLE , 1993, The Australasian journal of dermatology.

[19]  S. Ilavarasi,et al.  Antimycotic susceptibility testing of agents of black grain eumycetoma. , 1993, Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.

[20]  R. Tellier,et al.  Innovative endpoint determination system for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts , 1992, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[21]  C. K. Campbell.  Medical Mycology. The Pathogenic Fungi and the Pathogenic Actinomycetes, 3rd edn, John W. Rippon. W. B. Saunders & Co. (1988), 797, £61.00 , 1990 .

[22]  A. Jm.  [Actual treatment of fungus mycetoma: interest in associating ketoconazole and conservative surgery]. , 1986 .

[23]  J. M. Andreu.  [Actual treatment of fungus mycetoma: interest in associating ketoconazole and conservative surgery]. , 1986, Medecine tropicale : revue du Corps de sante colonial.

[24]  E. Mahgoub,et al.  Ketoconazole in the treatment of eumycetoma due to Madurella mycetomii. , 1984, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[25]  Frank T. Boysia.  Medical mycology. The pathogenic fungi and pathogenic actinomycetes , 1982 .

[26]  L. C. Cucé,et al.  Treatment of Paracoccidioidomycosis, Candidiasis, Chromomycosis, Lobomycosis, and Mycetoma with Ketoconazole , 1980, International journal of dermatology.

[27]  E. Bruck,et al.  National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. , 1980, Pediatrics.

[28]  A. Rankin,et al.  Medical treatment of mycetoma. , 1960, Lancet.