Numerical investigation of the flammable extent of semi-confined hydrogen and methane jets

The effect of surfaces on the extent of high pressure horizontal unignited jets of hydrogen and methane is studied using computer fluid dynamics simulations performed with FLACS Hydrogen. Results for constant flow rate through a 6.35 mm diameter pressure relief Device (PRD) orifice from 100 barg, 250 barg, 400 barg, 550 barg and 700 barg compressed gas systems are presented for both horizontal hydrogen and methane jets. To quantify the effect of a horizontal surface on the jet, the jet exit is positioned at various heights above the ground ranging from 0.1 m to 10 m. Free jet simulations are performed for comparison purposes. Also, for cross-validation purposes, a number of cases for 100 barg releases were simulated using proprietary models developed for hydrogen within commercial CFD software PHOENICS. It is found that the presence of a surface and its proximity to the jet centreline result in a pronounced increase in the extent of the flammable cloud compared to a free jet.