Morphometric study of lingual foramina in macerated mandibles to assist in implant placement in the anterior mandibular region.

The object of our study was to contribute to anatomical knowledge of this region with data on the prevalence, number and location of lingual foramina (LF) in dentate and edentate macerated mandibles from Brazilian individuals, differen-tiating them by sex and race. In this way we hope to help dental surgeons with their planning prior to implant placement in the anterior mandibular region. 103 macerated mandibles were analysed. The prevalence, number and location of LF were analysed in the median (MLF) and lateral (LLF) regions and the median (AMLF) and lateral (ALLF) alveolar process regions. Measurements for their location were taken with a digital calliper. 99% of the mandibles presented at least 1 MLF, 82.5% at least 1 LLF, and the frequency of ALLF was 67%. In dentate mandibles, MLF were located in the region superior to the genial spine, and in edentate mandibles in the regions superior and inferior to the genial spine. LLF were located in the middle region in both dentate and edentate mandibles. The height of the symphysis was significantly greater in dentate than in edentate cases. The distance from the alveolar crest (AC) to the MLF was significantly greater in dentate than in edentate mandibles. LF are constant structures, with MLF found more frequently than LLF. Mandibles which present a smaller measured distance from the base of mandible to AC present MFL and LLF closer to AC, implying a greater risk of complication during implant placement. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 310-322).

[1]  Indrajeet,et al.  Interforaminal hemorrhage during anterior mandibular implant placement: An overview , 2015, Dental research journal.

[2]  M. Bruska,et al.  Anatomical classification of accessory foramina in human mandibles of adults, infants, and fetuses , 2012, Anatomical Science International.

[3]  L. Prabhu,et al.  Accessory neurovascular foramina on the lingual surface of mandible: incidence, topography, and clinical implications. , 2012, Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research.

[4]  J. Gaudy,et al.  Anatomic assessment of the anterior mandible and relative hemorrhage risk in implant dentistry: a cadaveric study. , 2009, Clinical oral implants research.

[5]  T. Kawai,et al.  Classification of the lingual foramina and their bony canals in the median region of the mandible: cone beam computed tomography observations of dry Japanese mandibles , 2007, Oral Radiology.

[6]  Kelly Misch,et al.  Cortical bone thickness in dentate and edentulous human cadavers. , 2007, Journal of periodontology.

[7]  R. Jacobs,et al.  Lingual foramina on the mandibular midline revisited: A macroanatomical study , 2007, Clinical anatomy.

[8]  B. Ueeck,et al.  Floor of mouth haemorrhage and life-threatening airway obstruction during immediate implant placement in the anterior mandible. , 2006, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[9]  Christos D R Kalpidis,et al.  Critical Hemorrhage in the Floor of the Mouth During Implant Placement in the First Mandibular Premolar Position: A Case Report , 2005, Implant dentistry.

[10]  M. Bruska,et al.  Foramina on the internal aspect of the alveolar part of the mandible. , 2005, Folia morphologica.

[11]  D. London,et al.  Ultrasound identification and quantitative measurement of blood supply to the anterior part of the mandible. , 2003, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[12]  D. Flanagan.  Important arterial supply of the mandible, control of an arterial hemorrhage, and report of a hemorrhagic incident. , 2003, The Journal of oral implantology.

[13]  A. Gahleitner,et al.  Assessment of the blood supply to the mental region for reduction of bleeding complications during implant surgery in the interforaminal region. , 1999, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[14]  A Boyde,et al.  Variation in the apparent density of human mandibular bone with age and dental status , 1998, Journal of anatomy.

[15]  L. Andersson,et al.  Hemorrhage in the floor of the mouth during implant placement in the edentulous mandible: a case report. , 1997, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[16]  M. Todd,et al.  The mandibular lingual foramen: a consistent arterial foramen in the middle of the mandible. , 1994, Journal of anatomy.

[17]  R. Triplett,et al.  Life-threatening hemorrhage from placement of a dental implant. , 1990, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[18]  M. Piagkou,et al.  Foramina of the anterior mandible in dentate and edentulous mandibles. , 2016, Folia morphologica.

[19]  M Motoyoshi,et al.  The effect of cortical bone thickness on the stability of orthodontic mini-implants and on the stress distribution in surrounding bone. , 2009, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[20]  P. Branemark,et al.  Influence of bicortical or monocortical anchorage on maxillary implant stability: a 15-year retrospective study of Brånemark System implants. , 2000, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[21]  Hee-Jin Kim,et al.  Morphological study of the mental spine, lingual foramen and nutrient foramen and innominate foramen in Korean mandibles , 1993 .

[22]  T Jemt,et al.  Early failures in 4,641 consecutively placed Brånemark dental implants: a study from stage 1 surgery to the connection of completed prostheses. , 1991, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[23]  C L Bolender,et al.  The Swedish system of osseointegrated implants: problems and complications encountered during a 4-year trial period. , 1987, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.