Taught Cognitive learning in its Immediate Environments: A Neglected Topic in the Anthropology of Education1

Through ethnographic inquiry into “taught” cognitive learning, the anthropology of learning can provide analytically descriptive narrative accounts of the reflexive calibration between individual teachers and learners as they construct learning environments for each other. Levels of organization comprehended in such study should include individual cognitive functioning, together with the social, political, and cultural factors in which the learning environment is embedded, but it is the pedagogical encounter itself-the adaptive transaction between the individual and the immediate learning environment-that should occupy the center of analytic attention. This requires a shift in research focus since to date the anthropology of education has shown rather little concern for cognitive learning that has been deliberately taught. COGNITIVE LEARNING, LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS, TEACHING, TEACHER-LEARNER INTERACTION, MANIFEST CURRICULUM.

[1]  R. Clignet,et al.  Rationality, Education, and the Social Organization of Knowledge: Papers for a Reflexive Sociology of EducationEdited by Chris Jenks. London: Routedge & Kegan Paul and Reproduction: In Education, Society, and Culture.By Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron. Beverly Hills: Sage , 1978 .

[2]  Donald A. Schön,et al.  Organizational Learning: A Theory Of Action Perspective , 1978 .

[3]  Carolyn H. Denham,et al.  Time to Learn. A Review of the Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study. , 1980 .

[4]  Frederick Erickson,et al.  SOME APPROACHES TO INQUIRY IN SCHOOL‐COMMUNITY ETHNOGRAPHY , 1977 .

[5]  E. Schegloff,et al.  A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation , 1974 .

[6]  W. Chafe The Pear Stories: Cognitive, Cultural and Linguistic Aspects of Narrative Production , 1980 .

[7]  M. Mead Growing Up in New Guinea , 1953 .

[8]  Albert E. Scheflen,et al.  Communicational Structure: Analysis of a Psychotherapy Transaction , 1973 .

[9]  A. Gurwitsch The Last Work of Edmund Husserl , 1956 .

[10]  Meaning and interpretation , 1980 .

[11]  QUALITATIVE/QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES IN EDUCATION: A LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE , 1977 .

[12]  A. Kendon Studies in the behavior of social interaction , 1977 .

[13]  C. Geertz,et al.  The Interpretation of Cultures , 1973 .

[14]  L. Hood,et al.  “Let's try to make it a good day”— some not so simple ways∗ , 1980 .

[15]  Jana M. Mason,et al.  Social organizational factors in learning to read: The balance of rights hypothesis* , 1981 .

[16]  E. Goffman Encounters; Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction , 1962 .

[17]  M. Young Knowledge and Control: New Directions for the Sociology of Education , 1972 .

[18]  M. Harris,et al.  The Rise Of Anthropological Theory , 1968 .

[19]  Hugh Mehan,et al.  The reality of ethnomethodology , 1975 .

[20]  J. Dewey Democracy and education : an introduction to philosophy of education / John Dewey , 1916 .

[21]  J. W. Whiting,et al.  Children of Six Cultures: A Psycho-Cultural Analysis , 1975 .

[22]  H. Klüver,et al.  An historical introduction to modern psychology (3rd ed. rev.). , 1932 .

[23]  Sarah Michaels,et al.  A Study of Sharing Time With First Grade Students: Discourse Narratives in the Classroom , 1979 .

[24]  D. El'konin,et al.  Toward the Problem of Stages in the Mental Development of the Child , 1972 .

[25]  G. Mead Mind, Self, and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist (Works of George Herbert Mead, Vol. 1) , 1934 .

[26]  R. Freedle New directions in discourse processing , 1980 .

[27]  R. P. McDERMOTT,et al.  Criteria for an Ethnographically Adequate Description of Concerted Activities and their Contexts , 1978 .

[28]  J. Uexküll Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere , 1921 .

[29]  E. Schegloff Sequencing in Conversational Openings , 1968 .

[30]  R. Birdwhistell Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication , 1971 .

[31]  Milicent Washburn Shinn The biography of a baby , 1900 .

[32]  S. M. Coleman Psycho-analysis of Primitive Cultural Types. (Internat. Journ. of Psycho-Analysis, January–April, 1932.) Röheim, Géza , 1932 .

[33]  J. Ogbu School Ethnography: A Multilevel Approach1 , 1981 .

[34]  H. Mehan,et al.  Socialization: The View from Classroom Interactions , 1980 .

[35]  Sarah Michaels,et al.  The Importance of Conversational Discourse Strategies in the Acquisition of Literacy , 1980 .

[36]  Lev Vygotsky Mind in society , 1978 .

[37]  Locating Tasks in Psychology and Education. , 1982 .