Orbital exenteration: indications, techniques and complications

ABSTRACT Introduction: Orbital exenteration is defined as removal of all the orbital contents including the periorbita and eyelids. Although a disfiguring procedure, orbital exenteration can provide a cure in certain locally invasive tumors including basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Areas covered: This review details the indications and surgical technique of orbital exenteration. This article also elaborates the surgical and non-surgical options for reconstruction and rehabilitation following orbital exenteration. A literature-search was conducted on terms orbital exenteration, indications, technique and reconstruction. All relevant peer-reviewed articles were analyzed. Expert commentary: Orbital exenteration is a radical excision procedure indicated for tumors invading the orbit where a conservative excision is unlikely to achieve complete clearance. However, conservative excision options such as globe-sparing orbital excisions are increasingly being considered and outcomes of this continue to emerge in the literature. Continued improvements in managing periocular skin malignancies, including techniques of margin-controlled should continue to reduce the incidence of cases presenting with orbital invasion and hence the need for orbital exenteration.

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