Empirical and computational support for context-dependent representations of serial order: reply to Bowers, Damian, and Davis (2009).

J. S. Bowers, M. F. Damian, and C. J. Davis critiqued the computational model of serial order memory put forth in M. Botvinick and D. C. Plaut, purporting to show that the model does not generalize in a way that people do. They attributed this supposed failure to the model's dependence on context-dependent representations, translating this argument into a general critique of all parallel distributed processing models. The authors reply here, addressing both Bowers et al.'s criticisms of the Botvinick and Plaut model and the former's assessment of parallel distributed processing models in general.

[1]  D. Plaut,et al.  Does generalization in infant learning implicate abstract algebra-like rules? , 1999, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[2]  M. Botvinick Effects of domain-specific knowledge on memory for serial order , 2005, Cognition.

[3]  Matthew M Botvinick,et al.  Short-term memory for serial order: a recurrent neural network model. , 2006, Psychological review.

[4]  D. Plaut,et al.  Such stuff as habits are made on: A reply to Cooper and Shallice (2006). , 2006 .

[5]  J. Joseph,et al.  Activity in the caudate nucleus of monkey during spatial sequencing. , 1995, Journal of neurophysiology.

[6]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Stipulating versus discovering representations , 2000, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[7]  D. Norris,et al.  The primacy model: a new model of immediate serial recall. , 1998, Psychological review.

[8]  F. Richard Ferraro,et al.  Interactions Between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain , 2010 .

[9]  S. Funahashi,et al.  Delay-period activity in the primate prefrontal cortex encoding multiple spatial positions and their order of presentation , 1997, Behavioural Brain Research.

[10]  J. Joseph,et al.  Neural activity in the caudate nucleus of monkeys during spatial sequencing , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[11]  Lauren M. Bylsma,et al.  Regularization in short-term memory for serial order. , 2005, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[12]  J. Tanji,et al.  Integration of temporal order and object information in the monkey lateral prefrontal cortex. , 2004, Journal of neurophysiology.

[13]  David C. Plaut,et al.  Are non-semantic morphological effects incompatible with a distributed connectionist approach to lexical processing? , 2000 .

[14]  J. Tanji,et al.  Representation of the temporal order of visual objects in the primate lateral prefrontal cortex. , 2003, Journal of neurophysiology.

[15]  G. Marcus Rethinking Eliminative Connectionism , 1998, Cognitive Psychology.

[16]  M. Page,et al.  Interactions Between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain , 2008 .

[17]  David C Plaut,et al.  Postscript: winnowing out some take-home points. , 2009, Psychological review.

[18]  Donald C. Hildum,et al.  Expectancy and the perception of syllables. , 1956 .

[19]  Markus F. Damian,et al.  A fundamental limitation of the conjunctive codes learned in PDP models of cognition: comment on Botvinick and Plaut (2006). , 2009, Psychological review.

[20]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. , 1995, Psychological review.

[21]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Generalization with Componential Attractors: Word and Nonword Reading in an Attractor Network , 1993 .

[22]  J. Joseph,et al.  Prefrontal cortex and spatial sequencing in macaque monkey , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[23]  Matthew Botvinick,et al.  From Numerosity to Ordinal Rank: A Gain-Field Model of Serial Order Representation in Cortical Working Memory , 2007, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[24]  Philip L. Smith,et al.  An integrated theory of attention and decision making in visual signal detection. , 2009, Psychological review.

[25]  A. Mikami,et al.  Prefrontal activity during serial probe reproduction task: encoding, mnemonic, and retrieval processes. , 2006, Journal of neurophysiology.

[26]  N. Burgess,et al.  A revised model of short-term memory and long-term learning of verbal sequences , 2006 .