Selective displacement monitoring during tunnel excavation

Geodetical displacement monitoring in tunnelling allows to determine the displacement vector in space of each measured point. The increase in information has lead to additional possibilities in data visualization. The number of ways of monitoring data processing and visualization has significantly increased over the last decade, and we have added some advanced display techniques recently. The increase in the number of possibilities calls for a reassessment of the geomechanical relevance of traditional and new evaluation and display methods. A few typical geotechnical situations have been selected to show the benefits and the potential of different methods of display for each situation.