Low power, flexible FIR filters in the digital frontend of green radios

The growing energy footprint and environmental costs of information and communication technologies has created an awareness of the need for greener communications. However, the task of reducing the energy footprint of wireless infrastructure and terminals is daunting due to the requirements of flexibility and reconfigurability in emerging paradigms like 4G. This paper addresses the flexibility and power consumption challenges of channel filtering, which is one of the most computationally intensive kernels in the radio baseband. Power reduction strategies for programmable time-shared filters have been generally focused on the dynamic power, which has been replaced by leakage power as the dominant mode of power consumption in nanoscale CMOS devices. We investigate the role of parallelism in reducing the nanoscale CMOS power consumption. We also propose a class of programmable time-shared filters that are more area efficient than traditional folded direct form filters, when the level of parallelism is increased.

[1]  Pierre Duhamel,et al.  Short-length FIR filters and their use in fast nonrecursive filtering , 1991, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[2]  Jacques Palicot.  Cognitive radio: an enabling technology for the green radio communications concept , 2009, IWCMC.

[3]  Y. Neuvo,et al.  Cellular phones as embedded systems , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37519).

[4]  Jacques Palicot,et al.  Design of low power multimode time-shared filters , 2009, 2009 7th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing (ICICS).

[5]  Mireille Faist Emmenegger,et al.  Life Cycle Assessment of the Mobile Communication System UMTS: Towards Eco-efficient Systems (12 pp) , 2003, ISEE 2003.

[6]  Saibal Mukhopadhyay,et al.  Leakage current mechanisms and leakage reduction techniques in deep-submicrometer CMOS circuits , 2003, Proc. IEEE.

[7]  R. Frischknecht,et al.  Life cycle assessment of the mobile communication system UMTS: towards eco-efficient systems , 2003, IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2003..

[8]  Gerhard Fettweis,et al.  The digital front-end of software radio terminals , 1999, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[9]  James D. Meindl,et al.  A physical alpha-power law MOSFET model , 1999 .

[10]  Tadahiro Kuroda,et al.  Low power CMOS digital design for multimedia processors , 1999, ICVC '99. 6th International Conference on VLSI and CAD (Cat. No.99EX361).

[11]  A. Prasad Vinod,et al.  A New Common Subexpression Elimination Algorithm for Realizing Low-Complexity Higher Order Digital Filters , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[12]  Keshab K. Parhi,et al.  Low-Area/Power Parallel FIR Digital Filter Implementations , 1997, J. VLSI Signal Process..

[13]  Saraju P. Mohanty,et al.  Impact of gate-oxide tunneling on mixed-signal design and simulation of a nano-CMOS VCO , 2009, Microelectron. J..

[14]  Miodrag Potkonjak,et al.  Multiple constant multiplications: efficient and versatile framework and algorithms for exploring common subexpression elimination , 1996, IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst..

[15]  Tughrul Arslan,et al.  A coefficient segmentation algorithm for low power implementation of FIR filters , 1999, ISCAS'99. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems VLSI (Cat. No.99CH36349).

[16]  Tughrul Arslan,et al.  Low power FIR filter implementations based on coefficient ordering algorithm , 2004, IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI.

[17]  Keshab K. Parhi,et al.  Synthesis of low power folded programmable coefficient FIR digital filters (short paper) , 2000, ASP-DAC '00.

[18]  Alan F. Murray,et al.  IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference , 2001 .

[19]  Mahmut T. Kandemir,et al.  Leakage Current: Moore's Law Meets Static Power , 2003, Computer.

[20]  Keshab K. Parhi,et al.  Synthesis of low power folded programmable coefficient FIR digital filters , 2000, Proceedings 2000. Design Automation Conference. (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37106).

[21]  A. Dempster,et al.  Use of minimum-adder multiplier blocks in FIR digital filters , 1995 .

[22]  Jan M. Rabaey.  Silicon Platforms for the Next Generation Wireless Systems - What Role Does Reconfigurable Hardware Play? , 2000, FPL.