When giving some away makes sense to jump-start the diffusion process

This paper uses an analytical model to examine when it makes sense to provide incentives to innovators to adopt a new product. The model allows for separate segments of innovators and imitators, each of which follows a Bass-type diffusion process. Interestingly “seeding” the market is optimal for a limited range of situations and these do not appear to include those where there is a downturn in sales (chasm) as sales move from the first to the second segment.

[1]  Vijay Mahajan,et al.  An Approach for Determining Optimal Product Sampling for the Diffusion of a New Product , 1995 .

[2]  Bruce R. Robinson,et al.  Dynamic Price Models for New-Product Planning , 1975 .

[3]  Joseph Farrell,et al.  Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation , 1985 .

[4]  D. Jain,et al.  Modeling the Evolution of Markets with Indirect Network Externalities: An Application to Digital Television , 1999 .

[5]  S. Bikhchandani,et al.  Learning from the behavior of others : conformity, fads, and informational cascades , 1998 .

[6]  Albert C. BemmaorJanghyuk Lee,et al.  Research Note The Impact of Heterogeneity and Ill-Conditioning on Diffusion Model Parameter Estimates , 2002 .

[7]  T. S. Robertson,et al.  Modeling Multinational Diffusion Patterns: An Efficient Methodology , 1989 .

[8]  Philip M. Parker,et al.  Global Diffusion of Technological Innovations: A Coupled-Hazard Approach , 2000 .

[9]  Baohong Sun,et al.  Product Strategy for Innovators in Markets with Network Effects , 2004 .

[10]  D. Lehmann,et al.  Extent and Impact of Incubation Time in New Product Diffusion , 1999 .

[11]  Harikesh S. Nair,et al.  Empirical Analysis of Indirect Network Effects in the Market for Personal Digital Assistants , 2004 .

[12]  Frank M. Bass,et al.  A New Product Growth for Model Consumer Durables , 2004, Manag. Sci..

[13]  Vijay Mahajan,et al.  Waterfall and sprinkler new-product strategies in competitive global markets , 1995 .

[14]  Donald R. Lehmann,et al.  A Meta-Analysis of Applications of Diffusion Models , 1990 .

[15]  E. Rogers Diffusion of Innovations , 1962 .

[16]  Gerard J. Tellis,et al.  An Analysis of the Tradeoff between Advertising and Price Discounting , 1991 .

[17]  D. Jain,et al.  Cross-National Analysis of Diffusion of Consumer Durable Goods in Pacific Rim Countries , 1991 .

[18]  Harikesh S. Nair,et al.  Empirical Analysis of Indirect Network Effects in the Market for Personal Digital Assistants , 2004 .

[19]  G. Tellis,et al.  Research on Innovation: A Review and Agenda for Marketing Science , 2006 .

[20]  Subrata K. Sen,et al.  Mixing Behavior in Cross-Country Diffusion , 1997 .

[21]  Eitan Muller,et al.  When does the majority become a majority? Empirical analysis of the time at which main market adopters purchase the bulk of our sales , 2006 .

[22]  G. Tellis,et al.  The International Takeoff of New Products: The Role of Economics, Culture, and Country Innovativeness , 2003 .

[23]  Pradeep K. Chintagunta,et al.  Investigating Household State Dependence Effects across Categories , 1999 .

[24]  Geoffrey A. Moore,et al.  Crossing the Chasm , 1991 .

[25]  Vijay Mahajan,et al.  When is it Worthwhile Targeting the Majority Instead of the Innovators in a New Product Launch , 1998 .

[26]  G. Tellis The Price Elasticity of Selective Demand: A Meta-Analysis of Econometric Models of Sales , 1988 .

[27]  Gary L. Lilien,et al.  Optimal Price Subsidy Policy for Accelerating the Diffusion Of Innovation , 1983 .

[28]  Jacob Goldenberg,et al.  Riding the Saddle: How Cross-Market Communications Can Create a Major Slump in Sales , 2002 .

[29]  D. Horsky,et al.  Advertising and the Diffusion of New Products , 1983 .

[30]  C. Shapiro,et al.  Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility , 1985 .

[31]  Charlotte H. Mason,et al.  An empirical study of innate consumer innovativeness, personal characteristics, and new-product adoption behavior , 2003 .

[32]  G. Tellis,et al.  Will It Ever Fly? Modeling the Takeoff of Really New Consumer Durables , 1997 .

[33]  G. Tellis,et al.  Growing, Growing, Gone: Cascades, Diffusion, and Turning Points in the Product Life Cycle , 2004 .

[34]  D. North Competing Technologies , Increasing Returns , and Lock-In by Historical Events , 1994 .

[35]  F. Bass,et al.  A diffusion theory model of adoption and substitution for successive generations of high-technology products , 1987 .

[36]  Yogesh V. Joshi,et al.  New Product Diffusion with Influentials and Imitators , 2007 .

[37]  V. Mahajan,et al.  When is it Worthwhile Targeting the Majority Instead of the Innovators in a New Product Launch? , 1998 .

[38]  Vijay Mahajan,et al.  Determination of Adopter Categories by Using Innovation Diffusion Models , 1990 .

[39]  Dipak C. Jain,et al.  Why the Bass Model Fits without Decision Variables , 1994 .