Substructuring of multibody systems for numerical transfer path analysis in internal combustion engines

Abstract Noise legislations and the increasing customer demands determine the Noise Vibration and Harshness (NVH) development of modern commercial vehicles. In order to meet the stringent legislative requirements for the vehicle noise emission, exact knowledge of all vehicle noise sources and their acoustic behavior is required. Transfer path analysis (TPA) is a fairly well established technique for estimating and ranking individual low-frequency noise or vibration contributions via the different transmission paths. Transmission paths from different sources to target points of interest and their contributions can be analyzed by applying TPA. This technique is applied on test measurements, which can only be available on prototypes, at the end of the designing process. In order to overcome the limits of TPA, a numerical transfer path analysis methodology based on the substructuring of a multibody system is proposed in this paper. Being based on numerical simulation, this methodology can be performed starting from the first steps of the designing process. The main target of the proposed methodology is to get information of noise sources contributions of a dynamic system considering the possibility to have multiple forces contemporary acting on the system. The contributions of these forces are investigated with particular focus on distribute or moving forces. In this paper, the mathematical basics of the proposed methodology and its advantages in comparison with TPA will be discussed. Then, a dynamic system is investigated with a combination of two methods. Being based on the dynamic substructuring (DS) of the investigated model, the methodology proposed requires the evaluation of the contact forces at interfaces, which are computed with a flexible multi-body dynamic (FMBD) simulation. Then, the structure-borne noise paths are computed with the wave based method (WBM). As an example application a 4-cylinder engine is investigated and the proposed methodology is applied on the engine block. The aim is to get accurate and clear relationships between excitations and responses of the simulated dynamic system, analyzing the noise and vibrational sources inside a car engine, showing the main advantages of a numerical methodology.

[1]  Paulo Sergio Varoto,et al.  Single point vs multi point acceleration transmissibility concepts in vibration testing , 1998 .

[2]  Andy Moorhouse,et al.  On the characteristic power of structure-borne sound sources , 2001 .

[3]  D. J. Ewins,et al.  Transmissibility properties of MODF systems , 1998 .

[4]  M. Lohrmann,et al.  Operational transfer path analysis: Comparison with conventional methods , 2008 .

[5]  M.H.A. Janssens,et al.  A pseudo-forces methodology to be used in characterization of structure-borne sound sources , 2000 .

[6]  M.-T. Ma,et al.  A fast approach to model hydrodynamic behaviour of journal bearings for analysis of crankshaft and engine dynamics , 2003 .

[7]  A Hepberger,et al.  ENGINE RADIATION SIMULATION UP TO 3 KHZ USING THE WAVE BASED TECHNIQUE , 2009 .

[8]  David Thompson,et al.  The Quantification of Structure-Borne Transmission Paths by Inverse Methods - Part 2: Use of Regularization Techniques , 2003 .

[9]  Harish Hirani,et al.  Dynamically Loaded Finite Length Journal Bearings: Analytical Method of Solution , 1999 .

[10]  Herman Van der Auweraer,et al.  Critical assessment of Operational Path Analysis: effect of neglected paths , 2008 .

[11]  Pascal Reuss,et al.  Consideration of Interface Damping in Dynamic Substructuring , 2012 .

[12]  David Thompson,et al.  The use of an equivalent forces method for the experimental quantification of structural sound transmission in ships , 1999 .

[13]  B. Dobson,et al.  A Review of the Indirect Calculation of Excitation Forces from Measured Structural Response Data , 1990 .

[14]  Gabriella Cerrato,et al.  Automotive Sound Quality - Powertrain, Road and Wind Noise , 2009 .

[15]  Joachim Scheuren,et al.  Transfer Path Analysis - Experiences, Expectations and Perspectives , 2014 .

[16]  Wim Desmet,et al.  Application of the transmissibility concept in transfer path analysis , 2010 .

[17]  W. Desmet.  A wave based prediction technique for coupled vibro-acoustic analysis , 1998 .

[18]  J. W. Verheij,et al.  Multi-path sound transfer from resiliently mounted shipboard machinery: Experimental methods for analyzing and improving noise control , 1982 .

[19]  Oriol Guasch,et al.  Direct transfer functions and path blocking in a discrete mechanical system , 2009 .

[20]  Daniel Rixen,et al.  Component transfer path analysis method with compensation for test bench dynamics , 2010 .

[21]  David Thompson,et al.  The quantification of structure-borne transmission paths by inverse methods. Part 1: Improved singular value rejection methods , 2003 .

[22]  Nuno M. M. Maia,et al.  Experimental evaluation of the transmissibility matrix , 1999 .

[23]  Malcolm J. Crocker,et al.  Identification of Internal Noise Sources in Diesel Engines , 1983 .

[24]  J. M. Mondot,et al.  Characterization of structure-borne sound sources: the source descriptor and the coupling function , 1987 .

[25]  Walter C. Hurty,et al.  Vibrations of Structural Systems by Component Mode Synthesis , 1960 .

[26]  Hiroshi Kanda,et al.  Analysis of Noise Sources and Their Transfer Paths in Diesel Engines , 1990 .

[27]  Julius S. Bendat,et al.  Engineering Applications of Correlation and Spectral Analysis , 1980 .

[28]  G Offner.  Modelling of condensed flexible bodies considering non-linear inertia effects resulting from gross motions , 2011 .

[29]  Wim Desmet,et al.  Application of an efficient wave-based prediction technique for the analysis of vibro-acoustic radiation problems , 2004 .

[30]  J. M. N. Silva,et al.  THE TRANSMISSIBILITY CONCEPT IN MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS , 2001 .

[31]  J. S. Bendat,et al.  Solutions for the multiple input/output poblem , 1976 .

[32]  Günter Offner,et al.  Application Oriented Dynamic Simulation of Elastic Multibody Systems , 2005 .

[33]  Oriol Guasch,et al.  Experimental validation of the direct transmissibility approach to classical transfer path analysis on a mechanical setup , 2013 .

[35]  Hans-Herwig Priebsch,et al.  Simulation of multi-body dynamics and elastohydrodynamic excitation in engines especially considering piston-liner contact , 2001 .

[36]  Milosav Ognjanović,et al.  Gear Unit Housing Effect on the Noise Generation Caused by Gear Teeth Impacts , 2012 .

[37]  W. Seering,et al.  Multichannel Structural Inverse Filtering , 1984 .

[38]  J. Ambrósio,et al.  Component mode synthesis with constant mass and stiffness matrices applied to flexible multibody systems , 2008 .

[39]  Christian Beidl,et al.  Key steps and methods in the development of low noise engines , 2001 .

[40]  Gaël Chevallier,et al.  Gear impacts and idle gear noise: Experimental study and non-linear dynamic model , 2009 .

[41]  Oriol Guasch,et al.  The Global Transfer Direct Transfer method applied to a finite simply supported elastic beam , 2004 .

[42]  Barry Gibbs,et al.  Towards a structure-borne sound source characterization , 2000 .

[43]  D. de Klerk,et al.  Operational transfer path analysis: Theory, guidelines and tire noise application , 2010 .

[44]  Francesc Xavier Magrans.  Method of measuring transmission paths , 1981 .

[45]  J. M. N. Silva,et al.  ON THE GENERALISATION OF THE TRANSMISSIBILITY CONCEPT , 2000 .

[46]  J. S. Bendat.  System identification from multiple input/output data , 1976 .

[47]  W. Hurty.  Dynamic Analysis of Structural Systems Using Component Modes , 1965 .

[48]  Ahmed A. Shabana,et al.  Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Review of Past and Recent Developments , 1997 .

[49]  J. Bendat,et al.  Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures , 1971 .

[50]  Daniel Rixen,et al.  General framework for transfer path analysis: History, theory and classification of techniques $ , 2016 .

[51]  Juha Plunt,et al.  Finding and Fixing Vehicle NVH Problems with Transfer Path Analysis , 2005 .

[52]  Andy Moorhouse,et al.  Characterisation of structure borne sound sources from measurement in-situ , 2008 .

[53]  H. Saunders.  Literature Review : RANDOM DATA: ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES J. S. Bendat and A.G. Piersol Wiley-Interscience, New York, N. Y. (1971) , 1974 .

[54]  A Hepberger,et al.  Application of the Wave Based Technique to Predict the Engine Noise Radiation Under Anechoic Conditions , 2009 .

[55]  G. M. L. Gladwell,et al.  Branch mode analysis of vibrating systems , 1964 .

[56]  Andy Moorhouse,et al.  In situ measurement of the blocked force of structure-borne sound sources , 2009 .

[57]  J. D. Smith,et al.  Gear Noise and Vibration , 1999 .

[58]  Barry Gibbs,et al.  Use Of The Source Descriptor Concept In Studies Of Multi-Point And Multi-Directional Vibrational Sources , 1993 .

[59]  Sang-Kwon Lee,et al.  Prediction of interior noise by excitation force of the powertrain based on hybrid transfer path analysis , 2008 .

[60]  D. Rixen,et al.  General Framework for Dynamic Substructuring: History, Review and Classification of Techniques , 2008 .

[61]  Bert Pluymers,et al.  wave based modelling methods for steady-state interior acoustics: an overview , 2006 .

[62]  M. V. van der Seijs,et al.  A Complex Power Approach to Characterise Joints in Experimental Dynamic Substructuring , 2014 .

[63]  Nuno M. M. Maia,et al.  Transmissibility matrix in harmonic and random processes , 2004 .