An energy management system based on hierarchical control and state machine for the PEMFC-battery hybrid tramway

In this paper, a high-efficient and viable energy management strategy for PEMFC-battery hybrid system is proposed to coordinate different power sources according to their natural characteristics. It is also used to avoid rapid and frequent fluctuation of PEMFC output power to get a high efficiency and long service time of hybrid system. The developed system is composed of high-power polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), batteries and some other auxiliary equipment, in which the PEMFC is the major source, while batteries are secondary. Moreover, a simulation model based on commercially applied components is established in Matlab/Simulink environment, and a real driving cycles of tramway from Turkey is utilized to verify the correction of proposed strategy. The results demonstrates that the proposed strategy is correct in theory, and can be directly employed in real hybrid applications. Its correction, effectiveness and viability are proved.