Design and Optimization of Load-Independent Magnetic Resonant Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles

A load-independent wireless power transfer system with constant current and constant voltage output for electric vehicles charging is designed and optimized in this paper. Wireless charging system based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LCL$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-S or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LCL$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LCL$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compensation topology is systematically analyzed. And dynamic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LCL$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-S/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LCL$ </tex-math></inline-formula> switching topology is designed and simplified to achieve constant current in the transmitting coil and load-independent constant current and constant voltage output, which can be controlled easily. Moreover, the coupling structures composed of different coil shapes and shielding structures are comparatively studied to improve the coupling stability under misalignment. Figure-of-merit and coupling change rate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta k_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> defined in this paper are the key parameters in the process of coupling structure design and optimization. The combination of rounded rectangular spiral coil and splicing magnet core units is optimized as the coupling structure of the wireless charging system. Finally, the resonant wireless charging system prototype is being built and tested. The experimental results show that the load-independent and other characteristics of the implemented system are well correlated with the theoretical analysis and design.