3D printed graphene electrodes modified with Prussian blue: Emerging electrochemical sensing platform for peroxide detection.

3D printing technologies have been considered an important technology due to the ease manufacturing of objects, freedom of design, waste minimization and fast prototyping. In chemistry, this technology potentializes the fabrication of conductive electrodes in large-scale for sensing applications. Herein, we reported the modification of 3D printed graphene electrode with Prussian blue. The modified electrode (3DGrE/PB) was characterized by microscopy (SEM and AFM), spectroscopic techniques and its electrochemical properties were compared to the traditional electrodes: glassy carbon, gold, and platinum. The 3DGrE/PB was used in the sensing of hydrogen peroxide in real-world samples of milk and mouthwash and the results obtained according to the technique of batch-injection analysis showed satisfactory for the concentration range typically found in such samples. Thus, 3DGrE/PB can be used as a new platform for sensing of molecular targets.

[1]  T. Paixão,et al.  3D-printed flexible device combining sampling and detection of explosives , 2019, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[2]  J. Bonacin,et al.  Enhanced performance of 3D printed graphene electrodes after electrochemical pre-treatment: Role of exposed graphene sheets , 2019, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[3]  E. Nossol,et al.  3D printing for electroanalysis: From multiuse electrochemical cells to sensors. , 2018, Analytica chimica acta.

[4]  Diego P. Rocha,et al.  Batch‐injection Analysis Better than ever: New Materials for Improved Electrochemical Detection and On‐site Applications , 2018 .

[5]  Martin Pumera,et al.  3D-Printed Graphene/Polylactic Acid Electrodes Promise High Sensitivity in Electroanalysis. , 2018, Analytical chemistry.

[6]  J. Bonacin,et al.  Photochemical one-pot synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/Prussian blue nanocomposite for simultaneous electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid , 2018 .

[7]  J. Bonacin,et al.  Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen by metal coordination polymers produced from pentacyanidoferrate(II) complex , 2017 .

[8]  M. Pumera,et al.  3D Printed Electrodes for Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives and Nerve Agents. , 2017, Analytical chemistry.

[9]  Chengyi Hou,et al.  Interlocked graphene-Prussian blue hybrid composites enable multifunctional electrochemical applications. , 2017, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[10]  F. Gao,et al.  Graphene oxide directed in-situ synthesis of Prussian blue for non-enzymatic sensing of hydrogen peroxide released from macrophages. , 2017, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[11]  Dana M Spence,et al.  Recent Advances in Analytical Chemistry by 3D Printing. , 2017, Analytical chemistry.

[12]  R. A. Timm,et al.  Modulation of Electrochemical Properties of Graphene Oxide by Photochemical Reduction Using UV‐Light Emitting Diodes , 2016 .

[13]  R. A. Timm,et al.  Tuning the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide: structural correlations towards the electrooxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride , 2016 .

[14]  Xueji Zhang,et al.  Stability improvement of Prussian blue in nonacidic solutions via an electrochemical post-treatment method and the shape evolution of Prussian blue from nanospheres to nanocubes. , 2014, The Analyst.

[15]  D. A. Brownson,et al.  Graphene electrochemistry: fundamental concepts through to prominent applications. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[16]  Huimin Zhang,et al.  3D porous and redox-active prussian blue-in-graphene aerogels for highly efficient electrochemical detection of H2O2 , 2012 .

[17]  E. Richter,et al.  Rapid and selective determination of hydrogen peroxide residues in milk by batch injection analysis with amperometric detection , 2012 .

[18]  Xian‐Wen Wei,et al.  Graphene oxide sheet-prussian blue nanocomposites: green synthesis and their extraordinary electrochemical properties. , 2010, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[19]  D. A. Brownson,et al.  Graphene electrochemistry: an overview of potential applications. , 2010, The Analyst.

[20]  Lehui Lu,et al.  In situ controllable growth of Prussian blue nanocubes on reduced graphene oxide: facile synthesis and their application as enhanced nanoelectrocatalyst for H2O2 reduction. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[21]  Ning Gu,et al.  Prussian blue modified iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and their high peroxidase-like activity , 2010 .

[22]  Aldo J. G. Zarbin,et al.  A Simple and Innovative Route to Prepare a Novel Carbon Nanotube/Prussian Blue Electrode and its Utilization as a Highly Sensitive H2O2 Amperometric Sensor , 2009 .

[23]  V. L. Sukhanov,et al.  Diffusion controlled analytical performances of hydrogen peroxide sensors: Towards the sensor with the largest dynamic range , 2009 .

[24]  A. Ferrari,et al.  Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: Disorder, electron phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects , 2007 .

[25]  A. Abbaspour,et al.  Electrochemical formation of Prussian blue films with a single ferricyanide solution on gold electrode , 2005 .

[26]  F Ricci,et al.  Sensor and biosensor preparation, optimisation and applications of Prussian Blue modified electrodes. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[27]  R. Compton,et al.  Nanotrench arrays reveal insight into graphite electrochemistry. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[28]  G. Wittstock,et al.  Formation of ultra-thin prussian blue layer on carbon steel that promotes adherence of hybrid polypyrrole based protective coating , 2005 .

[29]  R. R. Moore,et al.  Basal plane pyrolytic graphite modified electrodes: comparison of carbon nanotubes and graphite powder as electrocatalysts. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[30]  R. McCreery,et al.  Control of Electron Transfer Kinetics at Glassy Carbon Electrodes by Specific Surface Modification , 1996 .

[31]  L. Gorton,et al.  Prussian-Blue-based amperometric biosensors in flow-injection analysis. , 1996, Talanta.

[32]  J. Watts High resolution XPS of organic polymers: The Scienta ESCA 300 database. G. Beamson and D. Briggs. 280pp., £65. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, ISBN 0471 935921, (1992) , 1993 .

[33]  I. Uchida,et al.  Electrochemistry of polynuclear transition metal cyanides: Prussian blue and its analogues , 1986 .

[34]  Kingo Itaya,et al.  Spectroelectrochemistry and electrochemical preparation method of Prussian blue modified electrodes , 1982 .

[35]  R. J. Klingler,et al.  Electron-transfer kinetics from cyclic voltammetry. Quantitative description of electrochemical reversibility , 1981 .

[36]  D. Kern The Polarography and Standard Potential of the Oxygen-Hydrogen Peroxide Couple , 1954 .

[37]  Christopher W. Foster,et al.  Use of Screen‐printed Electrodes Modified by Prussian Blue and Analogues in Sensing of Cysteine , 2018 .

[38]  Nengqin Jia,et al.  Electrochemical sensing based on graphene oxide/Prussian blue hybrid film modified electrode , 2011 .

[39]  Montclair State University Digital Montclair State University Digital Commons Commons , 2022 .