Analysis and design of modified window shapes for S-transform to improve time–frequency localization

Abstract This paper deals with window design issues for modified S-transform (MST) to improve the performance of time–frequency analysis (TFA). After analyzing the drawbacks of existing window functions, a window design technique is proposed. The technique uses a sigmoid function to control the window width in frequency domain. By proper selection of certain tuning parameters of a sigmoid function, windows with different width profiles can be obtained for multi-component signals. It is also interesting to note that the MST algorithm can be considered as a special case of a generalized method that adds a tunable shaping function to the standard window in frequency domain to meet specific frequency localization needs. The proposed design technique has been validated on a physical vibration test system using signals with different characteristics. The results have demonstrated that the proposed MST algorithm has superior time–frequency localization capabilities over standard ST, as well as other classical TFA methods. Subsequently, the proposed MST algorithm is applied to vibration monitoring of pipes in a water supply process controlled by a diaphragm pump for fault detection purposes.

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