Optical Properties of Reflected Light From Leaves: A Case Study From One Species

The reflection property of targets is the fundamental signal for applications of optical remote sensing of the earth’s surface. In this paper, we measured the photometric and polarimetric characteristics of 15 leaves with different properties from one plant species (i.e., Pachira aquatica) using a laboratory goniospectrometer system and used the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) and the bidirectional polarized reflectance factor (BPRF) to describe the reflection of these leaf samples. The results illustrated that the BRF can be replaced by the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parameter reflectance factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula>pRF) when the extinction of the polarizer is considered. Subsequently, the BRF model was fit to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula>pRF measurements at selected wavelengths, and the inverted refractive index was used in a BPRF model, which has been proposed to simulate the polarization of surfaces. We found that the modeled photometric results of all the leaves matched well with our measurement results over all the measurement directions, while the modeled polarimetric results of the leaves gave a good agreement with the measurements at the forward scattering directions. Moreover, the degree of linear polarization (Dolp) of the leaf, which is derived from the ratio between BPRF and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula>pRF, can also be effectively computed by the combination of BPRF and BRF models in the forward scattering directions. These findings suggested that more attention should be dedicated to the combination of BRF and BPRF of leaves in the future because we can completely describe the essential optical properties of the light reflected by leaves via the polarimetric measurement. This paper indicates that the polarimetric measurement is a beneficial method for optical remote sensing applications and helps us deepen the understanding of the optical properties of leaves.

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