Radar echoes simulation and SHARAD data validation for detection of water flowing on Mars surface

High Frequency (HF) radar sounder has been employed for the Mars surface/subsurface exploration. To survey the seasonal water flows on Mars surface, which has been reported, the radar sounder echoes from dry surface or water flowing surface are numerically simulated, respectively. Simulation results show that the radar echoes from water flowing surface is significantly larger than the dry surface, as seasonal change of the surface dielectric property varies. To validate this simulation, some SHARAD data of the Palikir Crater during seasons, which was reported to have canals with flowing liquid saline water during warm seasons, are specifically chosen. Numerical simulation and SHARAD data demonstrate that the radar sounder exploration is a good technology for global survey of possible water flowing on Mars surface during seasons.