Comparación de un programa de rehabilitación domiciliario con uno hospitalario en pacientes con EPOC: estudio multicéntrico español ☆

Objetivo Estudiar el impacto de un programa simple de rehabilitacion respiratoria domiciliario, comparado con uno intensivo hospitalario, sobre la capacidad de esfuerzo y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cronica. Pacientes y metodos Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo y multicentrico en el que se aleatorizo a pacientes con EPOC grave en 2 grupos: hospital (GH) o domicilio (GD). En ambos los pacientes recibieron 2 sesiones de educacion y 4 de fisioterapia. Los del GH realizaron un programa estructurado de ejercicio en el hospital y los del GD, un programa de ejercicio de baja intensidad en el domicilio, sin supervision. Resultados Se aleatorizo a 28 pacientes en el GH y a 23 en el GD. Ambos grupos mostraron una mejoria similar en la prueba de la marcha de 6 min (diferencia media de 8,7 m; p = 0,61). A pesar de que en ambos grupos mejoro la CVRS, medida con el Cuestionario de Enfermedad Respiratoria Cronica (CRQ), se objetivo un incremento mayor en el area de funcion emocional para el GH (diferencia media entre grupos: 0,58, en una escala donde un valor de 0,5 representa la diferencia minima importante). Los beneficios del programa se mantuvieron en ambos grupos hasta 6 meses despues de finalizarlo. Conclusiones El estudio muestra que un programa domiciliario de rehabilitacion respiratoria sin supervision produce una mejoria similar en la capacidad de esfuerzo de los pacientes con EPOC que un programa intensivo hospitalario. Sin embargo, este alcanza mayores beneficios en el area de la funcion emocional de la CVRS.

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