Low testosterone levels predict clinical adverse outcomes in SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia patients

The pandemic of new severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has stressed the importance of effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of clinical worsening and mortality. Epidemiological data showing a differential impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on women and men have suggested a potential role for testosterone (T) in determining gender disparity in the SARS‐CoV‐2 clinical outcomes.

[1]  Prof. Giulia Rastrelli,et al.  Low testosterone levels predict clinical adverse outcomes in sars-cov-2 pneumonia patients , 2022, The Journal of Sexual Medicine.

[2]  Quanlong Jiang,et al.  Individual variation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and regulation , 2020, Aging cell.

[3]  A. Salonia,et al.  SARS‐CoV‐2, testosterone and frailty in males (PROTEGGIMI): A multidimensional research project , 2020, Andrology.

[4]  Amit N. Patel,et al.  Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19 , 2020, The New England journal of medicine.

[5]  A. Lenzi,et al.  Commentary: Testosterone, a key hormone in the context of COVID-19 pandemic , 2020, Metabolism.

[6]  Jinlyu Sun,et al.  Assessing ACE2 expression patterns in lung tissues in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 , 2020, Journal of Autoimmunity.

[7]  Xuetao Cao COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy , 2020, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[8]  F. A. Lagunas-Rangel Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte‐to‐C‐reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A meta‐analysis , 2020, Journal of medical virology.

[9]  Heng Fan,et al.  Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID‐19 , 2020, Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews.

[10]  Richard D Riley,et al.  Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: systematic review and critical appraisal , 2020, BMJ.

[11]  Xin Zhou,et al.  Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China , 2020, The Journal of Emergency Medicine.

[12]  Qiurong Ruan,et al.  Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China , 2020, Intensive Care Medicine.

[13]  R. Morgan,et al.  COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak , 2020, The Lancet.

[14]  J. Xiang,et al.  Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study , 2020, The Lancet.

[15]  Salvatore Rubino,et al.  Similarity in Case Fatality Rates (CFR) of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2 in Italy and China. , 2020, Journal of infection in developing countries.

[16]  Zhengpin Wang,et al.  scRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of the ACE2 Receptor, A Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli Cells , 2020, Cells.

[17]  J. Toppari,et al.  European Academy of Andrology (EAA) guidelines on investigation, treatment and monitoring of functional hypogonadism in males , 2020, Andrology.

[18]  D. Goulis,et al.  The complex association between metabolic syndrome and male hypogonadism. , 2018, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[19]  E. Mannucci,et al.  Endogenous Testosterone Levels and Cardiovascular Risk: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. , 2018, The journal of sexual medicine.

[20]  S. Ima-Nirwana,et al.  The relationship between circulating testosterone and inflammatory cytokines in men , 2018, The aging male : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male.

[21]  M. Urashima,et al.  Associations Between Low Serum Testosterone and All-Cause Mortality and Infection-Related Hospitalization in Male Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study , 2017, Kidney international reports.

[22]  A. Lenzi,et al.  The SIAMS-ED Trial: A National, Independent, Multicentre Study on Cardiometabolic and Hormonal Impairment of Men with Erectile Dysfunction Treated with Vardenafil , 2014, International journal of endocrinology.

[23]  C. García-Arévalo,et al.  Hypogonadism in aged hospitalized male patients: prevalence and clinical outcome , 2014, Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.

[24]  T. Jones,et al.  Testosterone: a metabolic hormone in health and disease. , 2013, The Journal of endocrinology.

[25]  M. Carini,et al.  Fat boosts, while androgen receptor activation counteracts, BPH‐associated prostate inflammation , 2013, The Prostate.

[26]  M. Carini,et al.  Antiinflammatory effect of androgen receptor activation in human benign prostatic hyperplasia cells. , 2012, The Journal of endocrinology.

[27]  Arthur S Slutsky,et al.  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome The Berlin Definition , 2012 .

[28]  M. Carini,et al.  Testosterone protects from metabolic syndrome-associated prostate inflammation: an experimental study in rabbit. , 2012, The Journal of endocrinology.

[29]  A. Araujo,et al.  Endogenous Testosterone and Mortality in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2011 .

[30]  H. Hackstein,et al.  Testosterone Replacement Effectively Inhibits the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Orchitis in Rats: Evidence for a Direct Role of Testosterone on Regulatory T Cell Expansion , 2011, The Journal of Immunology.

[31]  A. Silman,et al.  Characteristics of secondary, primary, and compensated hypogonadism in aging men: evidence from the European Male Ageing Study. , 2010, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[32]  A. Silman,et al.  Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis disruptions in older men are differentially linked to age and modifiable risk factors: the European Male Aging Study. , 2008, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[33]  T. Travison,et al.  Prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men. , 2007, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[34]  J. Gu,et al.  Orchitis: A Complication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)1 , 2006, Biology of reproduction.

[35]  A Ian Smith,et al.  The novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) homolog, ACE2, is selectively expressed by adult Leydig cells of the testis. , 2004, Endocrinology.

[36]  R. Voskuhl,et al.  Testosterone Acts Directly on CD4+ T Lymphocytes to Increase IL-10 Production1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[37]  A. Vermeulen,et al.  A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[38]  M. Dufau,et al.  Angiotensin II receptors and inhibitory actions in Leydig cells. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[39]  A. Bergh,et al.  Relationship between human chorionic gonadotrophin-induced changes in testicular microcirculation and the formation of testicular interstitial fluid. , 1986, The Journal of endocrinology.

[40]  C. Winters,et al.  Multistep regulation of Leydig cell function. , 1987, Journal of steroid biochemistry.