Life cycle and family development.

The developmental perspective on the family has placed the nuclear family, as a group, with its regular patterns of expansion, transition, and contraction, in the forefront for research, theory, and practice. Family development, as a conceptual framework for orienting research, and as a set of theoretical propositions that invite empirical testing, has uniquely pioneered the effort to describe and explain the processes of change in families. Family time—the sequence of stages precipitated internally by the demands of family members (e.g., biological, psychological, and social needs) and externally by the larger society (e.g., social expectations and ecological constraints)—is the most significant focal point of the family development perspective. It is a focal point that distinguishes the developmental perspective from other approaches to the study of the family; and it is a focal point that produces an affinity between family development (research and theory concerning the life cycle of families) and life course analysis (research and theory concerning the life cycle of individuals). Since its germination in the 1930s and its accelerated evolution from the 1950s to the present, the family development perspective has attempted to explicate the phenomenon of development in families—not simply change, which may occur arrhythmically, but development: an underlying, regular process of differentiation and transformation over the family’s history.

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