Exploring corporate ability and social responsibility associations as antecedents of customer satisfaction cross-culturally

This study investigates the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the relationships between two types of corporate associations (corporate ability and corporate social responsibility) and two behavioral outcomes (word of mouth and loyalty intentions). In addition, the authors explore whether these relationships are equivalent across two countries—Germany and the United States. With a sample of 437 retail customers, the important role of satisfaction as a mediator of both corporate associations is confirmed. Moreover, the relationships between corporate associations and behavioral outcomes experience differential (partial or full) mediation by satisfaction, depending on the country. The effects of corporate ability associations on satisfaction are stronger for U.S. than for German customers, while the effects of corporate social responsibility associations on customer satisfaction and behavioral outcomes are consistently stronger for German than for U.S. customers.

[1]  K. Jöreskog Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests , 1971 .

[2]  Gianfranco Walsh,et al.  Does relationship quality matter in e-services? A comparison of online and offline retailing , 2010 .

[3]  Michel Laroche,et al.  Service Quality Perceptions and Customer Satisfaction: Evaluating the Role of Culture , 2004 .

[4]  C. Bhattacharya,et al.  Strengthening Stakeholder–Company Relationships Through Mutually Beneficial Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives , 2009 .

[5]  Anthony D. Miyazaki,et al.  The influence of cause-related marketing on consumer choice: Does one good turn deserve another? , 2000 .

[6]  Alan Dick,et al.  Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework , 1994 .

[7]  J. Peloza The Challenge of Measuring Financial Impacts From Investments in Corporate Social Performance , 2009 .

[8]  Gianfranco Walsh,et al.  Review and future directions of cross-cultural consumer services research , 2008 .

[9]  Isabelle Maignan,et al.  Consumers' Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibilities: A Cross-Cultural Comparison , 2001 .

[10]  O. Ferrell,et al.  Nature of Corporate Responsibilities: Perspectives from American, French and German consumers , 2003 .

[11]  Duygu Turker How Corporate Social Responsibility Influences Organizational Commitment , 2009 .

[12]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[13]  Salvador Ruiz,et al.  “I Need You Too!” Corporate Identity Attractiveness for Consumers and The Role of Social Responsibility , 2007 .

[14]  Guido Berens,et al.  Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses: The Moderating Role of Corporate Brand Dominance , 2005 .

[15]  Chankon Kim,et al.  Corporate philanthropy, attitude towards corporations, and purchase intentions: A South Korea study , 2009 .

[16]  M. Theodosiou,et al.  Factors Influencing the Degree of International Pricing Strategy Standardization of Multinational Corporations , 2001 .

[17]  A. Caruana Service loyalty: The effects of service quality and the mediating role of customer satisfaction , 2002 .

[18]  Dwayne D. Gremler,et al.  Understanding Relationship Marketing Outcomes , 2002 .

[19]  C. Bhattacharya,et al.  Doing Better at Doing Good: When, Why, and How Consumers Respond to Corporate Social Initiatives , 2004 .

[20]  C. Bhattacharya,et al.  Reaping Relational Rewards from Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Competitive Positioning , 2007 .

[21]  A. Riahi‐Belkaoui,et al.  Accounting for corporate reputation , 1992 .

[22]  R. Rust,et al.  Return on Quality (ROQ): Making Service Quality Financially Accountable , 1995 .

[23]  Rui Vinhas da Silva,et al.  Corporate Reputation and Competitiveness , 2002 .

[24]  Christian Homburg,et al.  Brand awareness in business markets: When is it related to firm performance? , 2010 .

[25]  Terrence H. Witkowski,et al.  Comparative service quality: German and American ratings across service settings , 2002 .

[26]  Martin Wetzels,et al.  Linking perceived service quality and service loyalty: a multi‐dimensional perspective , 1999 .

[27]  D. Turban,et al.  Corporate Social Performance As a Competitive Advantage in Attracting a Quality Workforce , 2000 .

[28]  Lois A. Mohr,et al.  Do Consumers Expect Companies to Be Socially Responsible? the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Buying Behavior , 2001 .

[29]  Angeline G. Close,et al.  The Pivotal Roles of Product Knowledge and Corporate Social Responsibility in Event Sponsorship Effectiveness , 2010 .

[30]  Tomás Bayón,et al.  The chain from customer satisfaction via word-of-mouth referrals to new customer acquisition , 2007 .

[31]  Joshua D. Margolis,et al.  Do Well by Doing Good? Don't Count on It , 2008 .

[32]  Gordon W. Cheung,et al.  Testing Mediation and Suppression Effects of Latent Variables , 2008 .

[33]  A. Parasuraman,et al.  The influence of store environment on quality inferences and store image , 1994 .

[34]  Mary Jo Bitner,et al.  Critical Service Encounters: The Employee's Viewpoint , 1994 .

[35]  R. Oliver Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective On The Consumer , 1996 .

[36]  P. V. Helsdingen,et al.  Services Marketing Management: An International Perspective , 1999 .

[37]  C. Bhattacharya,et al.  Consumer–Company Identification: A Framework for Understanding Consumers’ Relationships with Companies , 2003 .

[38]  Donald R. Lichtenstein,et al.  The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Donations to Corporate-Supported Nonprofits , 2004 .

[39]  N. Dawar,et al.  Corporate social responsibility and consumers' attributions and brand evaluations in a product–harm crisis , 2004 .

[40]  C. Fombrun,et al.  The Reputation QuotientSM: A multi-stakeholder measure of corporate reputation , 2000 .

[41]  G. Hofstede Culture′s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations , 2001 .

[42]  Gianfranco Walsh,et al.  Customer-based corporate reputation of a service firm: scale development and validation , 2007 .

[43]  C. Fornell,et al.  The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings , 1996 .

[44]  Shruti Gupta,et al.  The influence of a retailer's corporate social responsibility program on re-conceptualizing store image , 2008 .

[45]  J. Steenkamp,et al.  Assessing Measurement Invariance in Cross-National Consumer Research , 1998 .

[46]  Xueming Luo,et al.  Corporate Social Responsibility, Customer Satisfaction, and Market Value , 2006 .

[47]  María del Mar García de los Salmones,et al.  Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Loyalty and Valuation of Services , 2005 .

[48]  C. Fombrun,et al.  Corporate Citizenship: Creating Intangible Assets Across Institutional Environments , 2006 .

[49]  John C. Haughey The Loyalty Effect , 1997, Business Ethics Quarterly.

[50]  G. Murray,et al.  THE SKY IS NOT FALLING: UNIONIZATION, WAL-MART AND FIRST-CONTRACT ARBITRATION IN CANADA , 1969 .

[51]  Ruth N. Bolton,et al.  A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Service Changes on Customer Attitudes , 1991 .

[52]  Pavlos A. Vlachos,et al.  Corporate social responsibility: attributions, loyalty, and the mediating role of trust , 2009 .

[53]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[54]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[55]  K. Basu,et al.  Corporate Social Responsibility: A Process Model of Sensemaking , 2008 .

[56]  Barton A. Weitz,et al.  Corporate Hypocrisy: Overcoming the Threat of Inconsistent Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions , 2009 .

[57]  Xueming Luo,et al.  The Debate over Doing Good: Corporate Social Performance, Strategic Marketing Levers, and Firm-Idiosyncratic Risk , 2009 .

[58]  Cheng-Chen Lin,et al.  Cultural and leadership predictors of corporate social responsibility values of top management: a GLOBE study of 15 countries , 2006, Journal of International Business Studies.

[59]  Peter A. Dacin,et al.  The Company and the Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses , 1997 .

[60]  K. Reynolds,et al.  Hedonic shopping motivations , 2003 .

[61]  G. Shainesh,et al.  Cross-Cultural Differences in the Effect of Received Word-of-Mouth Referral in Relational Service Exchange , 2010 .

[62]  Howard H. Stevenson Cómo cambiar el mundo , 2008 .

[63]  Duygu Turker Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility: A Scale Development Study , 2009 .

[64]  James G. Maxham,et al.  A Longitudinal Study of Complaining Customers' Evaluations of Multiple Service Failures and Recovery Efforts , 2002 .

[65]  Abagail McWilliams,et al.  Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: correlation or misspecification? , 2000 .

[66]  R. B. Chase,et al.  Uncertainty Avoidance as a Moderator of the Relationship between Perceived Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction , 2008 .

[67]  Celia V. Harquail,et al.  Organizational images and member identification. , 1994 .

[68]  E. Hall,et al.  Understanding Cultural Differences: Germans, French and Americans , 1990 .

[69]  Abagail McWilliams,et al.  Corporate Social Responsibility: a Theory of the Firm Perspective , 2001 .

[70]  R. Hill,et al.  The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior , 2006 .

[71]  Sunil Mithas,et al.  An investigation of the cross-national determinants of customer satisfaction , 2011 .

[72]  M. Lindell,et al.  Climate quality and climate consensus as mediators of the relationship between organizational antecedents and outcomes. , 2000, The Journal of applied psychology.

[73]  C. Bhattacharya,et al.  Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility , 2001 .