Considerations on the use of adjunct red blood cell exchange transfusion in the treatment of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria

BACKGROUND: Travelers returning to the United States from malaria‐endemic areas are at increased risk of a potentially fatal infection from Plasmodium falciparum, which requires prompt and aggressive treatment.

[1]  K. Silamut,et al.  Prognostic significance of reduced red blood cell deformability in severe falciparum malaria. , 1997, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[2]  J. Philpott,et al.  Severe falciparum malaria. , 1987, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne.

[3]  D. Karnad,et al.  Predicting the reduction of parasitaemia following exchange transfusion in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria: comparison of two mathematical formulae , 2003, Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology.

[4]  Organización Mundial de la Salud Guidelines for the treatment of malaria , 2010 .

[5]  M. Pinanong Exchange transfusion therapy in severe complicated malaria. , 1997, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet.

[6]  Jean-Pierre Harrison,et al.  Apheresis ‐ Principles and Practice , 1998 .

[7]  B. Allaouchiche,et al.  Severe falciparum malaria (21 cases) , 2005, Intensive Care Medicine.

[8]  F. Shann The management of severe malaria. , 2003, Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

[9]  C. Rogier,et al.  Prognostic value of thrombocytopenia in African children with falciparum malaria. , 2002, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[10]  R. Weinstein,et al.  Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice—Evidence‐based approach from the apheresis applications committee of the American Society for Apheresis , 2010, Journal of clinical apheresis.

[11]  J. W. Field Blood examination and prognosis in acute falciparum malaria. , 1949, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[12]  D. Blazes,et al.  Exchange transfusion as an adjunct therapy in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a meta-analysis. , 2002, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[13]  N. White,et al.  Human cerebral malaria. A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration. , 1985, The American journal of pathology.

[14]  D. Warrell,et al.  Dexamethasone proves deleterious in cerebral malaria. A double-blind trial in 100 comatose patients. , 1982, The New England journal of medicine.

[15]  Iain P. Fraser,et al.  Case 32-2006 , 2009 .

[16]  Arjen Dondorp,et al.  Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial , 2005, The Lancet.

[17]  R. Steketee,et al.  Malaria-Related Deaths among U.S. Travelers, 19632001 , 2004, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[18]  Alexander G. Gray,et al.  Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in severe falciparum malaria , 2006, Anaesthesia.

[19]  H. Taelman,et al.  Twelve patients with severe malaria treated with partial exchange transfusion. Comparison between mathematically predicted and observed effect on parasitaemia. , 1994, Tropical and geographical medicine.

[20]  P. Francioli,et al.  Exchange blood transfusion in severe falciparum malaria: retrospective evaluation of 61 patients treated with, compared to 63 patients treated without, exchange transfusion , 1997, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[21]  E. Vamvakas,et al.  The continuing risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. , 2006, New England Journal of Medicine.

[22]  M. Dietrich,et al.  Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and hyponatremia in severe falciparum malaria. , 1994, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[23]  A. Sowunmi Hyponatraemia in severe falciparum malaria: a clinical study of nineteen comatose African children. , 1996, African journal of medicine and medical sciences.

[24]  P. Shanbag,et al.  Exchange transfusion in children with severe falciparum malaria and heavy parasitaemia , 2006, Annals of tropical paediatrics.

[25]  Y. Suputtamongkol,et al.  Exchange transfusion as an adjunct to the treatment of severe falciparum malaria , 1998, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[26]  M. Parise,et al.  Treatment of malaria in the United States: a systematic review. , 2007, JAMA.

[27]  J. Ligtenberg,et al.  Automated erythrocytapheresis in severe falciparum malaria: A critical appraisal. , 2006, Acta tropica.

[28]  J. Goraya,et al.  Neonatal transfusion malaria requiring exchange transfusion , 2003, Annals of tropical paediatrics.

[29]  J. W. Field,et al.  A note on prognosis in relation to parasite counts in acute subtertian malaria , 1937 .

[30]  J. Zazgornik,et al.  Successful treatment of malaria tropica with acute renal failure and cerebral involvement by plasmapheresis and hemodialysis , 2005, Infection.

[31]  J. Rogan Treatment of Cerebral Malaria , 1944, British medical journal.

[32]  J. Parker-Williams,et al.  Automated erythrocytapheresis in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria. , 1999, The Journal of infection.

[33]  U. Thatte,et al.  Serum tumour necrosis factor α levels in severe malaria: effect of partial exchange transfusion , 2003, Intensive Care Medicine.

[34]  S. Eshleman,et al.  Automated RBC exchange transfusion:treatment for cerebral malaria , 2000, Transfusion.

[35]  Haewon C. Kim,et al.  Alternative method to determine the hematocrit of red blood cell units: a potential use in the apheresis unit , 2009, Transfusion.

[36]  K. Marsh,et al.  The role of reduced red cell deformability in the pathogenesis of severe falciparum malaria and its restoration by blood transfusion. , 2002, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[37]  R. McCaslin,et al.  Pediatric Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a ten‐year experience from Washington, DC , 1994, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[38]  P. Chiodini,et al.  Severe falciparum malaria: predicting the effect of exchange transfusion. , 1994, QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians.

[39]  G. Saunders The treatment of malaria. , 1947, Missouri medicine.

[40]  P. Perrotta,et al.  Non-infectious complications of transfusion therapy. , 2001, Blood reviews.

[41]  W. Dzik,et al.  Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 32-2006. A 3-year-old girl with fever after a visit to Africa. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[42]  A Deshpande,et al.  Red cell exchange using cell separator (therapeutic erythrocytapheresis) in two children with acute severe malaria. , 2003, The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India.

[43]  S. Kleinman,et al.  Risks associated with transfusion of cellular blood components in Canada. , 2003, Transfusion medicine reviews.

[44]  B. Mordmüller,et al.  Hyperparasitemia and blood exchange transfusion for treatment of children with falciparum malaria. , 1998, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[45]  D. Pittet,et al.  Nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients. Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. , 1994, JAMA.

[46]  G. Bodey,et al.  The relationship between the thrombotic and infectious complications of central venous catheters. , 1994, JAMA.

[47]  K. Miller,et al.  Treatment of severe malaria in the United States with a continuous infusion of quinidine gluconate and exchange transfusion. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[48]  W. Prayoonwiwat,et al.  Exchange transfusion therapy in severe complicated malaria. , 1993, The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health.

[49]  S. Stramer,et al.  Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window‐period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor population , 2002, Transfusion.

[50]  P. E. Marik Severe falciparum malaria: survival without exchange transfusion. , 1989, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[51]  K. Silamut,et al.  Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[52]  B. Guery,et al.  Exchange Transfusion for Severe Malaria , 2001, Infection.

[53]  Susan Buck-Morss,et al.  Exchange , 1919, The Indian medical gazette.

[54]  N. White,et al.  What is the future of exchange transfusion in severe malaria? , 1999, The Journal of infection.

[55]  R. Ritz,et al.  [Cerebral tropical malaria with blackwater fever. A current diagnostic and therapeutic problem]. , 1974, Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift.